Drugs The United States Of America Criminal Justice...

Drugs have played a part of the United States of America criminal justice fabric for generations. The scare tactics of the 1960s gave way to the contradictory messages of the late ’70s and early ’80s. In the 1970’s drugs became glamorous and recreational to many citizens. Prior to the 1970’s, citizens that abuse drugs was seen by policymakers as suffering from a social disease that could only be helped by treatment. Policymakers posture change drastically in the mid 70’s. In 1973, only twelve percent of the population reported to the Gallup poll that they had tried drugs. By 1977, that number was doubled. Notably, in 1978, 66 percent of Americans said Marijuana was becoming a serious issue in their respective communities (Riley, K.†¦show more content†¦The addition of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) was created and was a significant step in combating the growing drug use in America. The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and C ontrol of 1970 was passed and the DEA became foot soldiers in the war against drugs. However, in the 1980’s drug dealers discovered how to create a cheaper version of cocaine by mixing baking soda and water with crack cocaine. Drug dealers figured out that there were less cocaine per dose of crack than there was per dose of cocaine. The process of making crack makes it more potent at a lower consumption rate. This allows the drug dealers to sell it for cheaper and eventually created a new market. By selling crack cocaine cheaper, it allowed cocaine to leave the noses of the elites and it was now made available for the low income community, where an impressionable population of poor minorities from coast to coast will prove to be perfect prey. In 1988, Reagan created the Office of National Drug Control Policy to coordinate drug-related legislative, security, diplomatic, research and health policy throughout the government. Agency directors were dubbed â€Å"drug czars† by the media. In 1993, President Bill Clinton raised the post to Cabinet-level status. Ronald Reagan prior, in 1982 deemed drug use â€Å"a threat to national security.† President Reagan is mostly known for the term â€Å"war on drugs† but it was actually President Richard M.

Nature And Purpose Of Budgeting Within An Organization

Introduction This report will explain the nature and purpose of budgeting within an organisation. Furthermore this report will also explain how budgets are monitored and used for control purposes within an organisation. This report also includes two appendices which will be referred to throughout. The main objective of any business in the long term is to make money otherwise known as profit, which is usually achieved by selling goods or services. In order for a business to become profitable, every pound coming in or out of the business needs to be monitored, this process is known as accounting. Accounting is defined as â€Å"The skill or practice of maintaining accounts and preparing reports to aid the financial control and management of†¦show more content†¦In order to ensure that these expenses are paid, budgets are prepared which establish when cash is coming in and out of the business. Research would suggest that â€Å"Profit and cashflow are equally important, only when both are probably managed can the business be successful† (Taylor, 2002, pp. 11-17). Having cash in the bank and making a profit are not the same thing, for example when creating profit and loss statements, these will only assess income and expenses at a certain point, in some cases th ese financial statements are accessing accrued income and expenses meaning that payment in or out of the business has not yet been made. Whereas cash budgets are created to access the physical cash payments in and out of the business at that current time (Bixfillings, 2015). Cash Budgets A budget is defined as an itemised list of income and expenditure over a period of time (The Financial Dictionary, 2015). A cash budget determines when cash is expected in and out allowing FunkyKeys Ltd to plan and monitor cashflow. A cash budget is one of the most important budgets to be prepared in any business. Cash budgets can assist FunkyKeys Ltd to make business critical decisions such as the requirement to apply for an overdraft or a loan with the bank or to offer their customers a settlement discount to encourage earlier payment (Chron Business, 2015). Referring to appendix one (workings) which clearly illustrate that customers are encouraged to pay

Does Music Support Violence Essay Example For Students

Does Music Support Violence? Essay Does music really promote violence, that what a lot of people like to believe. Perception is reality is what they say, and if some people think that music really does promote than it does, but honestly is that opinion biased? I believe that music is a form of expressing yourself, sure there are cases where the artist might be glorifying something they are not suppose to, or better yet look down upon, but that doesnt mean its necessarily mean that it promote it or encourage it. If it a person is that sake willed to be actually influenced enough to do something that is referenced in the song, then to be honest theyre Just a deterrent of society and had no hope in them anyways. Like I stated previously, music is a form of expression, some of the lyrics might be violent but that doesnt mean that they are promoting violence. Like rap music, most rapper have very vivid and violent image in their lyrics, I believe that when you see the hood or ghetto or whatever you want to call it, then its very understandable why the lyrics are the way they are. I think its Just a bigger picture of whats going on in the inner city, I seen some of things that these rappers are talking so therefore I understand it. Most rappers represent the struggle of the inner city, most people would find this glorifying a gangster lifestyle, poisoning the youth minds, or something like that, which could be the case if they are not born into that lifestyle already, but a lot are. I believe the main reason people believe that music promotes violence is because of the influx of violence acts that happens in the inner city and beyond. Although I do live that some people probably are a bad influence on children, like for example some of the songs Chief Kef writes can be a little morbid, I believe that it also falls on the teaching of the parents. The parents should have much more of an influence on a childs personality and actions than a Chief Kef song, and if your son or daughter think its cool to trap out of Banjos or flip bricks like tetras then youre just a horrible parent, main and simple. Now some kids dont have no choice but to be bought up in that lifestyle and experience it first hand, but the parents still have a IANAL say in their actions, I myself seen and experience things that most kids dont but Im not trying to do things that are been said in lyrics because I think they are cool, I know whats right and whats wrong. To be easily influenced by a lyric in a song Just means you wasnt meant to be apart of society in the first place or youre Just a leech or a follower. They say that children are the worlds biggest imitators, so should they be imitating their parents actions instead of some strangers on a 808 with a catchy hook, thats what I dont understand. How can someone possibly blame something trivial as their child being bad because off rap song made him rebellious and out of control, I dont get it. Your child is horrible because he has horrible parents who didnt raise him the right way or he easily influenced by one of his friend and thought itll be cool to rob, steal, or kill Does Music Support Violence? By neocolonialists because a song is glorifying something doesnt mean hes promoting it. Why dont we put Death-core in the same situation (which I happened to listen to). Just because a to of the theme of Death-core revolve around death doesnt mean that Im going to kill myself, or kill someone, or even think about death when Im listening to it. .u1c838ddc42f66ab9b75bf38b20fbb9a2 , .u1c838ddc42f66ab9b75bf38b20fbb9a2 .postImageUrl , .u1c838ddc42f66ab9b75bf38b20fbb9a2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1c838ddc42f66ab9b75bf38b20fbb9a2 , .u1c838ddc42f66ab9b75bf38b20fbb9a2:hover , .u1c838ddc42f66ab9b75bf38b20fbb9a2:visited , .u1c838ddc42f66ab9b75bf38b20fbb9a2:active { border:0!important; } .u1c838ddc42f66ab9b75bf38b20fbb9a2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1c838ddc42f66ab9b75bf38b20fbb9a2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1c838ddc42f66ab9b75bf38b20fbb9a2:active , .u1c838ddc42f66ab9b75bf38b20fbb9a2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1c838ddc42f66ab9b75bf38b20fbb9a2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1c838ddc42f66ab9b75bf38b20fbb9a2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1c838ddc42f66ab9b75bf38b20fbb9a2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1c838ddc42f66ab9b75bf38b20fbb9a2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1c838ddc42f66ab9b75bf38b20fbb9a2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1c838ddc42f66ab9b75bf38b20fbb9a2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1c838ddc42f66ab9b75bf38b20fbb9a2 .u1c838ddc42f66ab9b75bf38b20fbb9a2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1c838ddc42f66ab9b75bf38b20fbb9a2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The finance department EssayIts Just some dark music and I like the emotion of the songs, Im not swayed by lyrics, I dont think its promote violence although it can have some very violent lyrics that circulates around the theme of the songs, which usually involves death. All Im saying is that we cant say that music promotes violence because everyone minds work differently, it might affect someone one way and affect another a different way, and if oh feel that you are swayed by a lyric of a song, then youre a weak willed individual. I dont believe that music promotes violence, its used to inform on how a certain person feels. You have to take it for what its worth, if you feel that way then well I feel sorry for you cause I dont. Hopefully one day, we all realize that it all starts at home, not because some stranger on a instrumental or a playing a guitar is saying or doing something, but because we were raised a certain way and grew up in different environments.

The Relationship Between Employee Productivity and Work Related Stress

The research aims and objectives The aim of this study is to find the relationship between employee productivity and work related stress and the different variables that affect this relationship in the UAE. The objectives of the study includesAdvertising We will write a custom proposal sample on The Relationship Between Employee Productivity and Work Related Stress specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To identify the work related stresses To determine the effects of work related stresses on the employees’ productivity To determine the relationships between the workers performances and the work related stresses To determine how different variables affects this relationship Research question Upon completion of the study, the following question shall have been answered How is employee productivity related to the fluctuation of work related stress in the United Arab Emirates? Introduction The literature review tends to explore the relationship between employee productivity and work related stress and different variables that affect this relationship in the United Arab Emirates from various written scholarly articles. The study is significant for the organizations operating in UAE since it will provide more insight on the stated topic as well as help in formulating the strategies that would reduce stresses in the work place and increase the productivity of the employees. Work related stress in occupational productivity Work related stresses have been found to have negative impacts on the employees’ productivity. The cultures in the modern work place have increased demands on the employees forcing the workers to offer quick solutions to work related issues. The increased pressure on employees produces increased stresses on employees on the long run. Relating factors such as finance and health issues also increases stresses on the employees. The way these stresses affect the employees’ producti vity remains critical to the attainment of the goals of an organization. Therefore, understanding the relationship between the working related stresses and the employees’ productivity as well as the way related variables affect this relationship is significant to the organizations’ success. Work stresses and the employees’ productivity in UAE Over the years, stress in the workplace has continued to be a major shortcoming in the performances of both employees and employers. The stress emanates from higher expectations to perform different tasks that surpass individual abilities of achieving anticipations (Prosser et al., 2007). Enthusiasm at the work place plays a very significant role in influencing individual output since it affects the physical and intellectual potentials of the personnel. In essence, the maintenance of healthy body as well as fit psyche enhances the ability of employees to perform the physical and mental responsibilities to the optimal levels .  Generally, inspiration among the employees and job fulfillment are critical in increasing the performance of the personnel.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, the achievement of such goals is only possible if the employees are provided with flextime that is significant in enhancing work output, fulfillment, inspiration as well as the reduction of stress levels among the employees (Schaefer Moos, 2006). Therefore, provision of flextime by the business organization is an ingredient for drastic expansions in workers’ yields and self-confidence levels at the work place. In this regard, the workforce is motivated thereby reducing the levels of their stress.  In any work environment, stress is inevitable aspect that every employee encounters. In fact, the daily activities at the workplace are the cause of nervous tensions in the minds and hearts of every em ployee. Just like other nations, UAE is no exception. Actually, in the United Arab Emirates, diverse forms as well as different sources of stress have been identified. To begin with, the diverse forms of stress that workers encounter at the workplace encompass the situational, environmental and mental. Further, the physical as well as relationship stress are also forms of anxieties that affect the performance of employees at the different workplaces within the GCC. For instance, the noises emanating from people’s ringing phones instead of work concentration induce environmental stress. In addition, most GCC countries such as UAE are characterized by fluctuating temperatures of extreme coldness to extreme hotness are a source of environmental stress at the workplace to the employees (Turnage Spielberger, 2001). Secondly, every business sets deadlines for the employees to submit the delegated assignments. Based on such deadlines, the workers are always under pressure thereby l eading to situational anxiety.  In fact, regular alterations in the work structures as well as unfamiliarity of the new arrangements among the workers are grounds of workers nervous tensions at the UAE. Thirdly, the physical stress emanates from deficiency of sleep as well the overconsumption of junk foods among employees. As a result, the workers are unable to meet the targets that are expected of them.  Due to the escalating extents of mergers and economic interdependence among the Arab countries because of globalization, progress of expertise as well as reorganizations in the work arrangements, workers have been under continuous pressure, unwarranted work expectations as well as collision of roles among the employees (Schonfeld, 2006). Moreover, the changes have initiated problematic client relations as well as ergonomic paucities. Nonconformance among the company’s employees as well as the lack of prospects in decision-making processes is major causes of anxieties amo ng workers. Studies indicate that deficiency of controlling work situation and lack of recreation together with vague tasks influence the performance of personnel.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on The Relationship Between Employee Productivity and Work Related Stress specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The workforce GCC countries especially in UAE suffer from long working periods. The hazards of such long working hours are clearly exhibited ranging from physical to intellectual stress (Parkes, 2000). In fact, researches assert that out of the six percent of the world population infected by diabetes, the United Arab Emirates has about a population of twenty-percent suffering from diabetes related ailments. In essence, the ailments such as diabetes are side effects of stress at the work places. Further, according to recent studies, about sixty percent of the United Arab Emirates populations out of the sixty-five pe rcent who are stressed are as result of workload at the places of work. Moreover, relationships are also major contributors of stress among the workers thereby affecting their performances and outputs. For instance, data from the Dubai statistics center indicate that seven hundred and ninety in three thousand and eighty matrimonies resulted in separation of spouses thereby leading to stress among the different parties.  Recently, anxieties emanating from workloads pose threats of heart diseases that could jeopardize the performances of employees at their places of work. For example, a number of hospitals in Dubai continue to register an alarming number of patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases associated with stress at work places visit several clinics within the nation (Heinisch Jex, 2007).  Another major source of stress among the workers and the public at large in the United Arab Emirates as well as Dubai is the ever-rising financial pressures. Majority of the resid ents in the gulf are worried about money and liabilities together with the expectations that they are required to achieve at work. Actually, stress experienced at the places of work comes about when the requirements are required of an employee do not correspond to the personnel proficiencies, assets as well as the requirements. In the regard, the employees’ attitude towards attending to consumers concerns, disapprovals as well as job choices (Aro Hasan, 2001). In general, a work place setting characterized by mental and physical nervousness among employees is a basis for low performance and yields among the organization’s personnel. Ensuring a stress free working environment for workers involves eliminating a bad job situation that is insightful of the whole industry customs (Kawakami et al., 2002). For instance, unhygienic work conditions, disrespectful executives as well as failure to recognizing personnel worth are ingredients for workers’ stress thereby lea ding to low yields among the workers.  To ensure increased performance and productivity among the work units, doing away with stress among the employees is critical. In fact, responding to employees’ grievances, reduction of their workloads as well as offering enough sleep for the workers allows ample time for reflection on the state of minds (Karasek, 2009).Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, provision of precise tasks to workers as well as stress management tapes is an effective way businesses can apply to eradicate stress among the workforce.  Foreign workers in UAE continue to face work related stress due to the strict housing systems that are exclusively for the citizens. As such, employees are exposed to environmental stressors as well as the organizational cultures that jeopardize their welfare thus affecting the performance and output negatively (Hotopf Wessely, 2007). Further, the employees are affected by the organizational cultures characterized by numerous breaks for prays together with tight time limits for completion-n of assignments. Such factors are the basis of anxieties among the workers in UAE. Moreover, pressures among employees emanate from the qualitative and quantitative overload as well as responsibility divergence of workers. A number of factors have been identified as significant influencers of the performance, inspirations and ou tput of workers in the GCC. Just to mention, concerns of tight work limits, organizational cultures, enormous workloads for employees as well as collision of roles are major contributors of low performance and stress among the workforce. The provision of flextime for the workers and maintenance of healthy living enable a work environment that is free from unnecessary pressures. Methodology The study proposal seeks to examine the relationship between employee productivity and work related stress and the different variables that affect this relationship in the United Arab Emirates. Most organizations particularly in UAE have not taken into consideration the impact of work related stress in employees’ performances. Studies that have been done in this area indicate that there is negative correlation between work related stresses and the employees’ productivity. However, variables that affect this relationship particularly within the organizations in UAE have not been exami ned. In addition, the study on relationship between works related stress and employees’ productivity concentrating on the organizations within the UAE need to be conducted. Therefore, this study is critical in determining whether the hypothesized relationship between employees’ productivity and the work related stresses also exists in the UAE. Moreover, the study is significant in determining the variables that affect this relationship within the organizations operating in UAE besides answering the research question. In this proposed study, the research question is directly linked to the research aims and objectives to help accomplish the desired outcomes. The study methodology will utilize both primary and secondary data collection criteria to help in answering the research question. The secondary information will primarily be based on the reviewed literature regarding the topic of the study. On the other hand, primary data collection method will include the sample de sign, sampling and sampling procedure, instrumentation, data collection and data analysis techniques. Other supportive areas including ethical consideration, significance of the study, accessibility, and the main deliverables are also discussed in this study proposal. The study summary The proposed study topic will be discussed through the data information collection methods particularly the findings of the empirical study that involves the primary data collection methods. However, the secondary information concerning literature review on the topic will also be given a greater consideration. The reviewed literature will primarily be obtained through elaborated writing of various scholars expressing the findings on the study topic. The study aims and objectives as well as the hypothesis together with research questions will be answered by the research methodology applied in this study. Besides primary and secondary data collection techniques, the methodology will focus on other aspec ts of the research including significance, accessibility, deliverables, ethical considerations, period and the sample and the sample design. The period will predict the duration of the study including the preparation of the study, duration of data collection and analysis as well as reporting and presentation of the results and the findings. Most important is the budget and the required resources to accomplish the study. The budget will take into consideration the financial requirement of the study while resources will look into most important materials needed to accomplish the study. The theoretical framework and the research paradigm For this research to meet its obligations including the research questions, objectives and aims, it is designed to be an exploratory and quantitative study. The reason for the choice of this methodology is due to its innovation of novel ideas that is required in the understanding of the relationship between employee productivity and work related stress as well as the different variables that affect this relationship particularly in organizations operating within UAE. Through exploratory study, the research will come up with new and clear concepts explaining the dynamics and processes involved in the relationships existing between the employees productivity and the work related stress as well as variables that affect this relationship. Moreover, the exploratory research will set up main concerns, build up on operational explanations and improve on the final research design (Maslach, 2002). Secondary data The secondary data collection is primarily the literature review on the proposed topic (Spector, 2006). The secondary data collection method focuses on the findings, discussions as well as the views of various scholars as well as authors on the proposed topic. The reason for reviewing such literature is to increase the knowledge of the concerned stakeholders on the proposed topic. The literature review part of this study includes the objectives, the scope, aims, hypotheses as well as the study background. In essence, the secondary data tend to examine the theoretical aspects of the study through a critical analysis of the existing literature on the concerned topic. Similarly, the secondary research data and information will accrue from the organizations’ records particularly on the employees’ productivity as well as any other documentation that have been filed by the organizations in relation to the work stresses. A review of the employees’ productivity and organizations success information, identified stresses as well as the effect of these stresses on the general employees’ performance will be evaluated to obtain secondary information. Such research information will facilitate the ascertainment of whether the employees’ performances in those organizations are directly affected by the work stresses as well as the level of impact of these stresses on the relationship. Becau se the research majorly focuses on employees’ productivity and the working stresses factors, the correlations that exist between these two factors will amicably be sought (Cherry, 2008). Primary data The primary data will majorly be based on the quantitative research methodologies. The proposed study will utilize the survey method through the application of a questionnaire to obtain the required data. The requisite research data will be gathered across the study population consisting majorly of the employees of various organizations. Though all the employees are deemed viable in this study, only a few selected through a sampling strategy will be interviewed concerning the research topic. The primary data is aimed at assisting in devising sound and rational study conclusions amid offering feasible recommendations for the research being conducted (Reeve Smith, 2001). In order to present significant research findings, appropriate conclusions, and credible recommendations, the p roposed investigative study on the relationship between employee productivity and work related stress as well as the different variables that affect this relationship in the UAE would majorly use the primary data. The primary research information and desired data for this novel proposed study will be obtained through administering self-designed survey questionnaires and conducting in-depth interviews to the study targeted population (Aguinis Henle, 2002). In fact, the intentions of the study are to administer the questionnaires to the study participants through the application of online by choosing every third organization’s respondent initially incorporated in the study population. Interview schedules that would be approved to help gather information on the impact of employee training on an organization’s success will equally be used to establish the relationship between employee productivity and work related stress and the different variables that affect this relati onship in the United Arab Emirates. The sample design In this particular study, all the employees in the randomly chosen organizations within UAE will be deemed viable. However, only a small number of employees will be selected depending on the organizations records on how much they have been affected by the work stresses as well as other attributes including gender, age, experience and academic qualifications. The organizations will be selected depending on their sizes, the number of employees and whether they are manufacturing or services oriented. In essence, the organizations should be large enough and have operated in the UAE long enough to have identified particular stresses and established how such stresses have affected the productivity of the employees. From the total number of employees that will be sampled, just 65 workers from various organizations will be selected via a technique dubbed as convenience simple random sampling strategy and the research questionnaire will b e administered to help in addressing the formulated research questions (Richey Klein, 2008). Accessibility This proposed research and the literature review will be made accessible to all the companies operating in UAE through the online sources particularly to the organizations that are capable of funding the research study. However, the organizations that have direct involvement in the study will be provided with a copy of the final report. Moreover, the study will be made available online through registered libraries and magazines to be accessed by various interested individuals. Increased accessibility will make companies and individuals become knowledgeable on the relationships existing between the work productivity and the stresses as well as how to deal with such problems in an organization. Ethical considerations Ethical considerations will be critical this proposed study particularly during the study. Before the study ethical issues that are likely to emerge will be looked. The ethical issues that are likely to arise include the informed consent of the participants, the power differences between the researcher and the participants, the confidentiality of the information as well as the consent of the concerned organizations (Munhall, 2008). Looking into ways through which these ethical issues can be dealt with will be critical for the success of the study.  An approval will be sought from the responsible authority particularly the company top management and safeguards will be put in place during and after the research study to help protect the respondents and any other human subjects (Punch, 2004). In fact, both physical and emotional harm that may accrue will be given due consideration in this section by stating the basic ethical approach along with the power differentials between the researcher and the respondents as well as how the participants will be protected from any eminent abuses (Batchelor Briggs, 2004). Finally, the information acquired f rom the study participants will be securely stored and protected whereas study-finding reports will not divulge the participants’ identification. Deliverables The study proposal tends to predict the relationship between the employees’ productivity and the work related stresses as well as variables that affect this relationship in organization operating the UAE. As indicated, the forecast relationship is negative. In other words, there are negative relationship between the work related stresses and the employees productivity. Variables such as time, financial capabilities and health related issues are critical in determining the effect of this relationship. Therefore, it is critical for organizations as well as employees to understand how productivity is affected by the work related stresses as well as how these variables affect these relationships. Most importantly, organizations operating in UAE should come up with strategies that would avoid work stresses that have n egative impact on employees’ productivity. Time line Time line is the duration the proposed study will take from the planning stage to reporting and presentation stage. The time line quantifies and provides a framework on how time will be spent during the study (Kumar, 2010). In this case, the planning period will take two weeks and one week will be allocated for the selection of organizations within UAE to be studied. Additional four weeks will be allocated for sampling, framing the questionnaires and conducting the preliminary survey. A complete survey will take two weeks while analyzing the outcomes will take another one week. Two weeks will be needed for recommendations and the publication of the final report in case of approval by the concerned authorities. Significance of the study The significance of the study is to help organizations within UAE to understand the work related stresses and the way they affect employees’ productivity. The knowledge of the relation ship between the employees productivity and the work related stresses will enable the organizations formulate strategies that will minimize the stresses and increases the productivity of employees which in turn augments the organizations performance. References Aro, S Hasan, J 2001, â€Å"Occupational class, psychosocial stress and morbidity,† Journal of Management Research, vol.19 no.2, pp.62–68. Heinisch, DA Jex, SM 2007, â€Å"Negative affectivity and gender as moderators of the relationship between work-related stressors and depressed mood at work,† Work Stress, vol.11 no.1, pp.46–57. Hotopf, M Wessely, S 2007, â€Å"Stress in the workplace: unfinished business,† Journal of Psychosomatics Research, vol.43 no.1, pp.1–6. Karasek, RA 2009, â€Å"Job demands, job decision latitude and mental strain: implications for job redesign,† Administrative Science Research, vol.24 no.6, pp.285–306. Kawakami, N, Haratani, T Araki, S 20 02,†Effects of perceived job stress on depressive symptoms in blue-collar workers of an electrical factory in UAE,† Journal of Work and Environmental Health, vol.18 no.3, pp.195–200. Parkes, KR 2000, â€Å"Coping, negative affectivity, and the work environment: additive and interactive predictors of employees productivity,† Journal occupational Work Environment, vol.75 no.4, pp.399–409. Prosser, D, Johnson, S Kuipers, E 2007, â€Å"Perceived sources of work stress and satisfaction among organizations staff, and their relation to job satisfaction,† Journal of Organization Management, vol.43 no.1, pp.51–59. Schaefer, JA Moos, RH 2006, â€Å"Effects of work stressors and work climate on long-term care staff’s job morale and functioning in UAE,† Journal occupational Work Environment, vol.19 no.1, pp.63–73. Schonfeld, IS 2006, â€Å"Relation of negative affectivity to self-reports of job stressors and employees outcom es,† Journal Occupational and Work Environment, vol.1 no.4,397–412. Turnage, JJ Spielberger, CD 2001, â€Å"Job stress in managers, professional and clerical workers in UAE,† Work Stress, vol.5 no.1, pp.65–76. Aguinis, H Henle, CA 2002, Ethics in research: handbook of research methods in industrial and organizational psychology, Blackwell Publishers, Malden, MA. Batchelor, JA Briggs, CM (2004), â€Å"Subject, project or self? Thoughts on ethical dilemmas for social and medical researchers,† Journal of Social Science Medicine, vol.39 no.7, pp.949-954. Cherry, N 2008, â€Å"Stress, anxiety and work: a longitudinal study,† Journal of Occupational Psychology, vol.5 no.3, pp.259–70. Kumar, R 2010, Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners, SAGE, Thousand Oaks, CA. Maslach C 2002, â€Å"Burnout research in the social sciences: a critique,† Journal of Social Services Research, vol.10 no.4, pp.95–105. Munhall, P 2008, â€Å"Ethical considerations in qualitative research,† Western Journal of Occupational Research, vol.10 no.2, pp.150-162. Organizational Research Methods, vol.4 no.1, pp.91-111. Punch, M 2004, Politics and ethics in qualitative research: handbook of qualitative research, Sage, Newbery Park, CA. Reeve, CL Smith, CS 2001, â€Å"Applying multiple methods to multiple samples,† Richey, R Klein, J 2008, Design and Development Research: Methods, Strategies, and Issues, Routledge, London. Spector, PE 2006, â€Å"Method variance in organizational research,† Organizational Research Methods, vol.9 no.3, pp.221-232. 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Advertisement involves communication to a target market Essay Example

Advertisement involves communication to a target market Essay Example Advertisement involves communication to a target market Essay Advertisement involves communication to a target market Essay Advertisement involves communication to a target market. The intension is to attract the target market, primarily to the advertisement, then ether to the product, or the through the context of the advertisement to the product. Their intension is to pursued through the point of contact between commercial interests and the audience as consumers of products and services. Although it is important to remember that that there are constrains to advertising, for example certain products and services may not be advertised religions and doctors and fortune tellers, cigarettes and other tobacco products. Alcohol may not be glamorised for youth audiences. The National Lottery, slimming products and alcohol products may not be advertised around childrens programmes. The advertising of womens sanitary products is not permitted until after 9.00 p.m. Although small aspects, rules like these ethical constrains appear obvious. Using them as an example it is easy to see the ever-changing environments that advertisers have to navigate. Advertising is directed at mass audiences, so to be tasteful and descent appropriate in any work done. Advertising is very similar to television, and other programmes; * Comes out of the same production base, technologies and production practices. * Has the same basic narrative structures, but compressed. * Uses genre material as a point of recognition and attraction for the audience * Makes interstitial references to other television material * Uses television performers (and their voices) whom we know from other programmes. * Creates its own stars and popular series. General, and obvious key areas adverts want to achieve: (*The connotation strategic methods) * Persuasion An advert communicates, and attempts to win over the audience. *Persuasion:- It is illegal and sinful to use subliminal messaging * Justification The above persuasion would not be possible with out justification Advertisers use special tools in there advertisements to avoid problems such as ethical complaints, taste and decency ect (above). Tabaco companies such as Marlboro use hidden and covert messaging to avoid such regulations. Fear and emotion are the main aspects advertisers try to tap. In this tool box aspects such as the following help towards a direct approach at communicating with audiences;- Surrealism/ inversion *See Orange mobile phone advertisement (*currently showing 11/04/02). There is a man who is on his way somewhere (not specified) and keeps meeting people he knows. The orange phrase is; connecting people; the man must represent the (advert directed) orange philosophy, demonstrated as lots of people waving, saying hello, where he replies. This approach is very surreal, this man appears to know every person he walks by, but is conducted in a very natural manor, expressing an un-real environment. In an attempt to express the communication aspects of him, appealing to feelings such as recognition, social achievement ect. Endorsement This comes in the form of celebrities, or presenters appealing to audiences emotions involved in a range of representations. I.e. health, social direction, lifestyle, point of sale ect. A good example of popular endorsement would be the use of sporting personalities to endorse products. *See Nestle Sporties, this commercial used Mike Own a well-known footballer to been seen eating the product. This would entice fans of this player to eat the breakfast cereal he does. Endorsement around the identity of the product, can be seen with release of Lucozade Sport, where the product endorses the Sport image, inventing slogans and ideas, such as energy replenishment, leading to express a statistic stating 33% more energy from lucazade than standard pop drinks (I think it must be packed with more sugar than the other drinks). Concern of Compassion This strategy is used widely in the cosmetics industry. Where the common form of advertisement is to use and portray perfect models, or perfect beauty to express youthfulness. Or in charity advertisements of i.e. third world countries or RSPCA adverts, where an audience have concern and compassion over an example of poor, or needful persons. From what small donations would make large differences. Concern of compassion on a more overt level can be seen in such advertisements for cleaning adverts. I.e. The advert demonstrates to the mother that she should clean the kitchen surfaces to stop germs breading. Depictions of the child playing on the floor, with reassured looks demonstrate to audience that this is the right way to clean, and she uses Flash to do it with, the right choice of cleaning product. Politics: This can benefit and obstruct advertisers. Obviously advertisers need to work in the conjunction of rules and regulations, but can also feed off any political headlines at that time. With out reference; politics can benefit an advert on many levels. Whether that would be from such things as tax, or political issues ect. (i.e. foot and mouth, tourism industries). Physical techniques: Repetition; is used to remind audiences of the advert/ product, service. Steady repetition is used regularly in advertisement Advertising relies just as much on visual appearance as the overt connotations; (*denotation) Content of the advertisement: Strategies Companies develop strategies to assist them in meeting their objectives. The types of strategy which might be identified in terms of advertising could include: * Identifying the benefit being offered to the consumer by the organisation or its products/ services. * Putting forward an argument to help to sell the product * Identifying to whom the argument is being aimed * Being able to convince the target audience to believe the message Product-Oriented Strategies These strategies relate specifically to the product itself, i.e.: * Generic strategies Sell the category of product, e.g. slimming drinks, toilet roll, trainers. They do not sell the actual brand, e.g. Heinz Baked Beans. Generic clams relate to the highlighting of a particular benefit of a product, i.e. quick effective relief from indigestion, clean Wights etc. Some advertisers highlight this kind of generic claim and then relate their particular brand to that claim to gain a cumulative benefit. * Features of the product Highlighted in an attempt to appeal to the individuals reason. The advertiser attempts to suggest that the logical choice would be their particular brand in preference to others. This is an effective approach if the advertiser is attempting to gain distinction for his or her brand. * Positioning Strategies This strategy attempts to carve out a desired and very distinct market niche. The idea of positioning was developed by Trout Ries. Consumers tend to place products into a hierarchy, and the positioning is about where in that hierarchy the advertisers brand appears. Coca Colas campaigns Coke is it and the real thing were an attempt to position the product as the authentic cola drink. Pepsi on the other hand attempted to reposition Coke Cola by suggesting that it was a drink for older people, with the campaign The choice of a new generation. This type of strategy works well for new products. Questions that need to be addressed in terms of positioning are: * What the brands present position in the market? * Where are your competitors placed in the market? * Does the company wish to reposition its present position in some way? * What type of advertising approach could we use? * USP The unique selling proposition will depend upon the culture of the company and its approach to advertising. Every companys ultimate aim is to create an idea, which will result in the sale of the companys product/ service. The USP was a philosophy developed by Rosser Reeves. It suggests that every product/ service has characteristics that make it unique at its level. Preferably, these characteristics should be a major feature of the product, thereby making the brand superior to others. A slogan like Guinness is good for you is a unique-selling-proposition statement. A unique selling proposition based on a physical characteristic limits potential, however, and could run into difficulty with strict advertising codes that now exist. The claim by Persil that it washes wighter is an example of such a proposition. All advertisements should, nevertheless, promote one specific benefit to the consumer. Consumer-Oriented Strategies These strategies are aimed at the consumer: * Brand image strategies These strategies attempt to give the brand a personality, and that personality- instead of any built-in or intrinsic features of the product is what is being sold. David Ogilvy is credited with developing the idea of a brand image in the 1950s for products like Schweppes. With Coca Cola and Pepsi we have two similar products which are differentiated by the way each brand is portrayed and communicated through advertising. This approach works well in a competitive market environment or where the product might be classed as a commodity, i.e. soap, beer etc. This type of advertising also works well for products which have obviouse social identities, i.e. cars. Products which are invisible, i.e. cleaning products or food products stored in cupboards, are also sold by using the brand image approach.

Definition and Examples of Online Reading

Definition and Examples of Online Reading Definition Online reading is the process of extracting meaning from a text that is in a digital format. Also called digital reading. Most researchers agree that the experience of reading online (whether on a PC or a mobile device) is fundamentally different from the experience of reading print materials. As discussed below, however, the nature and quality of these different experiences (as well as the particular skills required for proficiency) are still being debated and explored. See Examples and Observations  below. Also see: ReadingThe Advantages of Slow Reading and Slow Writing Close Reading and Deep Reading How to Become a Creative ReaderOnline WritingReaderReading Speed Writers on Reading Examples and Observations Unlike reading print sources, reading online is nonlinear. When you read a book or an article in print, you follow a reading sequence- beginning at the start of the text and progressing through the text systematically. However, when you read information online, you frequently jump around from source to source using hyperlinks that direct you to a different Web page.(Christine Evans Carter, Mindscapes: Critical Reading Skills and Strategies, 2nd ed. Wadsworth, Cengage, 2014) Comparing Print and Digital Reading ExperiencesCertainly, as we turn to online reading, the physiology of the reading process itself shifts; we don’t read the same way online as we do on paper. . . .When Ziming Liu, a professor at San Jose State University whose research centers on digital reading and the use of e-books, conducted a review of studies that compared print and digital reading experiences, . . . he found that several things had changed. On screen, people tended to browse and scan, to look for k eywords, and to read in a less linear, more selective fashion. On the page, they tended to concentrate more on following the text. Skimming, Liu concluded, had become the new reading: the more we read online, the more likely we were to move quickly, without stopping to ponder any one thought. . . .[P]erhaps digital reading isn’t worse so much as different than print reading. Julie Coiro, who studies digital reading comprehension in elementary- and middle-school students at the University of Rhode Island, has found that good reading in print doesn’t necessarily translate to good reading on-screen. The students do not only differ in their abilities and preferences; they also need different sorts of training to excel at each medium. The online world, she argues, may require students to exercise much greater self-control than a physical book. In reading on paper, you may have to monitor yourself once, to actually pick up the book, she says. On the Internet, that monitoring and self-regulation cycle happens again and again.(Maria Konnikova, Being a Better Online Reader. The New Yorker, July 16, 2014) Developing New Skills for Online Reading- How does the nature of writing and reading change on the Internet? What, if any, new literacies do we require? We are just discovering the answers to these questions (Afflerbach Cho, 2008). First, it appears that online reading comprehension typically takes place within a research and problem-solving task (Coiro Castek, 2010). In short, online reading is online research. Second, online reading also becomes tightly integrated with writing, as we communicate with others to learn more about the questions we explore and as we communicate our own interpretations. A third difference that exists is that new technologies . . . are used online. Additional skills are required to use each of these technologies effectively. . . .Finally, and perhaps most importantly, online reading may require even greater amounts of higher-level thinking than offline reading. In a context in which anyone may publish anything, higher-level thinking skills such as crit ical evaluation of source material and understanding an authors point of view become especially important online.(Donald J. Leu, Elena Forani. and Clint Kennedy, Providing Classroom Leadership in New Literacies. The Administration and Supervision of Reading Programs, 5th ed., edited by Shelley B. Wepner, Dorothy S. Strickland, and Diana J. Quatroche. Teachers College Press, 2014)- [E]ncouraging students to take on a leadership role in sharing their online skills and strategies has proven to be a beneficial means of promoting acquisition of the new literacies of online reading comprehension (Castek, 2008). The findings from this study suggest that students learn online reading comprehension skills best from other students, within the context of challenging activities designed by the teacher. Increased levels of challenge appeared to prompt students to try multiple approaches to making sense of complex information and encouraged them to think deeply about solving problems.(Jacquelynn A. Malloy, Jill M. Castek, and Donald J. Leu, Silent Reading and Online Reading Comprehension. Revisiting Silent Reading: New Directions for Teachers and Researchers, ed. by Elfrieda H. Hiebert and D. Ray Reutzel. International Reading Association, 2010) Reading More, Remembering Less?We might have more access to information than ever before, but reading things online actually has a negative impact on peoples cognition.[In a study conducted at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand,] associate professor Val Hooper and masters student Channa Heraths analysis of online and offline reading behaviour found that online reading generally does not have a positive impact on peoples cognition.Concentration, comprehension, absorption and recall rates when engaging with online material were all much lower than traditional text.This is despite people getting through more material thanks to skim reading and scanning online material.(Internet Makes Us Stupid: Study. Sydney Morning Herald [Australia], July 12, 2014) The Transition to Digital ReadingIts still words being taken in on a computer screen, and for millions of people it is a daily occurrence, one that now seems as natural to them as anything else in their lives. To think that mil lions wont be willing or able to make the transition to an overall digital reading experience is naà ¯ve. In large measure, people already do the majority of their reading digitally.(Jeff Gomez, Print Is Dead: Books in Our Digital Age. Macmillan, 2008) The Lighter Side of Online ReadingAnyway, Ive done lots of research for the past, you know, few hours, and I found out that most people will believe anything they read. And I know its true because, you know, I . . . I read it online somewhere.(Dr. Doofenshmirtz, Ferb Latin/Lotsa Latkes. Phineas and Ferb, 2011)

Information Systems Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Information Systems - Term Paper Example The company also appears in the Forbes Global 2000 as the fourth largest company in the world, considering further metrics. This is in spite of the company ranking 14th most profitable corporation in the US, also according to the Fortune 500 list. The success of this company comes from its lean management style, as well as the internal controls structures implemented within the organization. GE has in place a number of internal controls that enable it to operate both efficiently, as well as profitably. According to the latest 10 – K report from the company, it is evident that the company meets the rules and regulations criterion of the Internal Control Integrated Framework as established by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) and the PCAOB. This commission established a number of guidelines to adhere to while undertaking internal control processes and procedures, and as such, General Electric (GE) Corporation has to adhere to these provisions in order to be compliant with Internal Control Integrated Framework set by COSO and PCAOB. Initially, the essence of internal controls is to keep the company on the right course in order to guarantee the achievement of its mission, as well as ensure maximum profitability in operations. Furthermore, internal control systems are equally instrumental because they enable the company to minimize the level of surprises that they may encounter along the way. As such, internal control mechanisms enable the executive team of the company to deal appropriately with the rapidly changing economic field, as well as the growing competitive environments of trade, in addition to shifts in customer priorities and demands. Therefore, the administration of the company is better place to restructure the organization for future growth and development within the modern day dynamic business environment. The company ends up enjoying a significant wide range of benefits through it

The Transportation Security Administration Essay

The Transportation Security Administration - Essay Example The TSA is also charged with the responsibility of inspecting rail cars, looking for bombs at checkpoints in and around the country's airports, and patrolling subways (Transport Security Administration, 2008). To better understand the TSA, it is crucial that we look at its mission and core values, and how they have been achieved. As already mentioned, the TSA is mandated to protect the transportation systems of the country in a way that would ensure free movement of people and trade. Its vision, though not yet attained, is to persistently guide the standards for distinction in transportation security through its processes, technology, and people (Transport Security Administration, 2008). To achieve its shared goals and enhance its mission performance, the TSA has set aside some core values. Let me present them in a summary form for they will be instrumental in gauging the situation at TSA and how improvements need to be carried out. Though its mission, vision, and core values may reflect a picture of a very efficient and effective agency, TSA has been faced by numerous scandals and criticisms since its inception in 2001. Judging by the magnitude of some of the high-profile scandals, the situation at TSA can be said to be pretty bad. ... Team spirit TSA is made up of respectful, open, and dedicated people in the business of improving the lives of others. TSA takes pride in challenges, success, and aims at winning in all its endeavors. TSA takes pride in building teams around its core strengths. Evaluating the situation at TSA Though its mission, vision, and core values may reflect a picture of a very efficient and effective agency, TSA has been faced by numerous scandals and criticisms since its inception in 2001. Judging by the magnitude of some of the high-profile scandals, the situation at TSA can be said to be pretty bad. Let me analyze the scandals and criticisms one at a time so that the real picture of TSA inefficiencies and how it can improve can be drawn out. TSA Scanners and screeners Judging by what happened on September 11 2001 in the United States after the terrorists strike, TSA should be in the forefront to ensure that such an occurrence do not happen again. Many innocent people lost their lives in that fateful day when terrorists hijacked some planes only to ram them against the World Trade centre. Against this backdrop, TSA was established and given the mandate of checking for bombs and other dangerous weapons from passengers, especially those boarding aero planes, and those on transit (Boyd, 2005). But the TSA scanners and screeners are not up to this task. In recent tests conducted to ascertain whether their scanners could detect bombs, 75 percent of fake bombs could not be identified by their security screeners at LAX. 60 percent of fake bomb components could not be smoked out in Chicago O'Hare by TSA security scanners. Detection levels by private security firms were much higher, with only 20

Film studies (Authorship module) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Film studies (Authorship module) - Essay Example Today, no contemporary American director more deserves the title of auteur than Martin Scorsese Martin Scorsese is the perfect example of an auteur because he uses the same thematic consistencies throughout all of his work. These entail Catholicism, virgin/whore conflict, redemption, ethnic pride, and of course crime culture. On top of this, he supports all of his plots with very eclectic soundtracks. The cinematography he uses is very similar in all of his films. He utilizes the fluid motion of the camera with each shot, while making the mis-en-scene of each frame valuable to the plot of the story. He is also know for using some of the same actors in his films, specifically Robert Deniro, Joe Pesci, and Harvey Keitel. Of his large body of work, Mean Street symbolizes the blue print to the archetype that has become his unique style. Scorsese has a visual style that relies on the city of New York. Mean Street embodies the culture that comes with this location. In the film, the audience is subjected to getting to know characters who spend their time womanizing, hustling, fighting, and drinking. Centered on the struggles of four men in their mid-20's and all residents of Little Italy, who are working their way up the rungs of gangster culture, some are loan sharks, and some are just plain hoods. Tony (David Proval) is a big friendly guy who runs the neighborhood bar; Michael (Richard Romanus) is a small-time loan shark who tends to rip off Brooklyn adolescents. Johnny Boy (Robert De Niro) is an irresponsible hood who borrows money from loan sharks that he never intends to pay back, and Charlie (Harvey Keitel) is the nephew of the mafia boss Giovani (Cesar Danova). Charlie's only aspiration is to run his own restaurant. Mean Street is authentically based on specific events Scorsese saw almost regularly while he was brought up in Little Italy. The screenplay for the film initially started out as a continuation of Who's That Knocking. Scorsese changed the title from Season of the Witch to Mean Street. The film is arguably Scorsese's most religious film, even more so than his film The Last Temptation of Christ. This is in part due to the fact that the original draft of Mean Street centered on the religious conflict inside of Charlie and how it was affecting his world view. Charlie sees saving Johnny Boy as a way to find redemption. His aspirations for sainthood are played out through his behavior on the streets, as opposed to going to church. This is one of the implied meanings in the film. The implied meaning that comes with an auteur directed film is all present in Mean Street. In his article Senses of Cinema, Marc Raymond points out many of the film's intricacies. He argues that there is an implied homoeroticism between Johnny Boy and Charlie. He points this out when he says: The couple of the film is clearly Charlie (Harvey Keitel) and Johnny Boy (Robert De Niro) rather than Charlie and his girlfriend Theresa (Amy Robinson). This can be seen in one particular sequence in which Charlie and Johnny Boy stay out all night and sleep in the same bed together. Charlie gets out of bed and goes to the window, where he sees Theresa dressing. The next scene cuts to Charlie and Theresa making love in a hotel room. (Raymond, Pg1) Raymond argues that Johnny boy plays the part of the Femme Fatale and that this is a very

Rhetorical Analysis Of Native American Poverty Politics Essay

Rhetorical Analysis Of Native American Poverty Politics Essay Despite the alarming data used to convince the reader that the plight of the Native Americans in poverty is due to government neglect, inattention and lack of aid, Tom Rodgers fails to succeed in his argument for more support. This rhetorical analysis, using a number of sources will counter Rodgers arguments that the government has failed to support and protect the Native Indian and provide more than adequate aid for the success and betterment of this group of indigenous peoples. Introduction Driving through virtually any Native American reserve, one can see the poverty that this group faces. Despite the beauty of this culture and the sense of community, it is not an easy existence. Nowhere has the distance between the haves and have-nots been more evident than on the native reserves of North America. Native Americans are suffering from a dearth of jobs, high poverty rates, and little education. The poverty rate among Native Americans is 28.4%. For the nation as a whole, the corresponding rate was 15.3 percent (United States Census Bureau, 2011). With this poverty have come the inherent poor housing, inferior education, lack of jobs, poor health conditions, and host of other problems typically seen in struggling communities. The Bureau of Indian Affairs was established to promote agricultural and economic development, provide health programs, social services and Native American schools. However, in recent years Native Americans have begun actively protesting their dissatisfaction with the bureau and have accused the government of mismanaging the monies to be given to the tribes and directly contributing to the dire poverty on the reservations. In Tom Rodgers piece, he declares that Poverty is both the cause and consequence of all the ills visited upon Native Americans. Failure to address poverty causes deprivation and hardship in these communities today, and robs the next generation of any opportunity to succeed and thrive tomorrow (Rodgers, 2008). Rodgers, a Native American and member of the Blackfeet tribe, is an advocate who works on the behalf of tribal governments, and a previous congressional staffer to a senator. Rodgers has declared that Native Americans are living in untenable situations and that it is time for the US government to make good on its promises of support. His piece goes on to say that although we have moved beyond wanton neglect and violence, our national response to the problem of poverty in Native American communities remains woefully inadequate (Rodgers, 2008). Rodgers tells us that Native Americans are some of the poorest in the entire nation and feels that support is needed for basic services an d that the United States, although one of the wealthiest nations of the world, has not adopted the United Nations proposal for adoption of the Declaration on the Right of the Indigenous Peoples (Rodgers, 2008). Rodgers deems that there is a need to expand formal rights and a better federal performance. Essentially Rodgers decries the level of awareness and recognition of Americans and the need for more aid. While one would never suggest that historically the Native Americans did not lose much when they were stripped of their lands, one could submit that ongoing government subsidies have perpetuated the cycle of poverty seen today on native reserves. In this piece, Rodgers neglects to show that funds given to tribes have been woefully mismanaged, fraudulently spent by the native councils, and have directly contributed to a general decline. Government officials designed many programs to alleviate conditions of desperation and poverty among Americas indigenous populations (Thompson, 2005). The result of Rodgers ignoring the fact that Native Americans have historically been one of the most funded groups in North America undermines his suggestion that more aid is the answer. Rodgers taps into our moral outrage and tries to evoke our sympathy using pathos by citing an example from 1862. In a time of starvation in a Dakota Sioux tribe, members were told, when the U.S. government failed provide the money owed to them by an Indian Agent, If they are hungry, let them eat grass or their own dung (Rodgers, 2008). While anyone would agree that this is a most heinous statement in response to rampant starvation, it is taken from a statement made 152 years ago! This is in no way a current sentiment, and just manages to underline Rodgers use of past transgressions to absolve natives from responsibility for the situation they are in today. This non sequitur, while shocking, does nothing to explain the situation as it exists today and leaves the reader wondering if this substantiates or gives credence to any argument that natives are not well funded and thereby neglected by The US government. In fact, in a piece written by John Stossel, he maintains that Yes, the gove rnment signed treaties with the tribes that make Indians special. But that specialness has brought the Indian socialism. Its what keeps them dependent and poor (Stossel, 2011). Rodgers argues that it is the due to Native Americans for more aid. He reasons that ethically and historically it is their appointed right. Yet, it is interesting to note that Africa, a nation amongst the poorest in the world, has adopted a new tradition of trade not aid. On the Good African website it states, We passionately believe that Trade is the only viable strategy for Africas economic and social development. Africa has received over US$ 500 billion in Aid over the last 50 years and yet despite these huge inflows, the continent remains mired in poverty, disease, and systemic corruption. There are many problems in using Aid as a vehicle for development. This is because handouts have never been an effective way to achieve economic transformation (Good African, n.d.). The website explains that aid undermines independence, erodes accountability and leads to dependency on donors. Whoever can say they have pride in something they did not earn? Rodgers does not take the time in his article to examine the generations who have received aid, and why despite the monies received, this society has been seemingly irrevocably broken down. By only stating that more aid is needed, it does not address the reasons why, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦when tribes as virtual wards of the state, and who have a government that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ manages their land, provides their healthcare, and pays for housing and child care, still manages to have the highest poverty rate, nearly 25 percent, and the lowest life expectancy of any group in America (Stossel, 2011). His part for the whole argument cannot stand when we see that while Africas solution of no longer relying on aid seems counterintuitive, its working, while the standard of giving aid to the natives in North America is not. Socialism will destroy America the same way it has destroyed the American Indian. If we are going to learn anything from the tribes and nations, it should be that the experiment h as failed (American Indian Tea Party Nation, 2010). Rodgers rally cry in his missive is his statement that The invisibility, silence, and neglect must end (Rodgers, 2008). His belief that Native Americans have no recognition of their plight bears no witness. The article further expresses his wish that as Barack Obama ascends to the White House, now is the significant moment to address the many problems Native Americans endure, including systematic poverty (Rodgers, 2008). This provokes the reader to believe that there is simply no recognition of the problem at hand, however, if one reads John Stossels depiction of the treatment of North American Natives; he debunks Rodgers statement with, The US government has helped no group more than it has helped the North American Indians. It stuns me when President [Barack] Obama appears before Indian groups and says things like, Few have been ignored by Washington for as long as Native Americans (Stossel, 2011). Clearly, the Native American issue has not only been recognized, it has been acknowl edged by government as high as the President of the United States. To state that there is no awareness or recognition as Rodgers has done is a fallacy and one that falls flat as the reader realizes that Rodgers has not succeeded in his argument and in fact only magnifies the embarrassment of riches that the Native American has received by comparison of any other group of people in the United States. Tom Rodgers does manage to evoke thought and compassion in the Natives plight. It awakens the reader to become more informed in regards to the extreme poverty issues surrounding this group of peoples. Where he fails to convince the reader that society is basically ignorant to the issues, and would have us believe no aid is forthcoming, he would have bettered his argument by relying on facts rather than playing on our sympathies. No one would deny the problem, but perhaps this piece would have been better received if solutions were put forth, rather than blame. There is and has always been aid provided, the tribes have been recognized, and every level of government has conceded that there are problems which continue to perplex. Rather than divisive argument to what devolves into finger pointing, it would behoove us to be creative in our solutions and continue to work together despite Rodgers conviction of our current inaction.

Wal-Mart Resources

Unit 2 Assignment 1 Introduction Wal-Mart uses a tremendous amount of information resources to build their marketing decision support systems and customer relationship management environment. Wal-Mar’s main objective is to provide their customers with the best value they can find anywhere while providing friendly and efficient customer service. Its strategies are based on reducing costs to quality products so they are able to achieve â€Å"everyday low prices† (Walmart. om, 2013). Wal-Mart has to be able to monitor and analyze all the processes and information possible in order for them to attain a competitive price advantage, lure in new customers, and retain faithful and loyal current customers. Information technology is essential today in helping companies to achieve these goals and Wal-Mart utilizes a great deal of the available information through systems and operations that the retail business encompasses (Walmart. om, 2013). Listed in this paper are the many ways Wal-Mart enlists its information from customers and how it is used by marketing managers to help make marketing decisions and enrich its customer relationship management environment. Information Collected Collected By Wal-Mart Wal-Mart collects information from its customers in a number of ways through the customer’s interaction, whether by in-store activity or website activity.Wal-Mart discloses that it gathers information on customers whenever they create an account on one of their websites, make an online or in-store purchase, use a gift registry, create a mobile shopping list, or submit personal information to Wal-Mart along with any related content of the communication. In addition, they also collect information whenever the customer conducts a transaction where Wal-Mart collects information as required by law.This could include hunting and fishing licenses, request customer service, contact Wal-Mart, submit a Wal-Mart related testimonial, review, story, rating, or any other user-generated content that may be generated on the website, or participate in a contest, sweepstake, promotion, or survey (Wal-Mart. com, 2013). Collected By Other Sources Wal-Mart may receive personal information from other entities that can help the correct or supplement their records, improve the quality or personalization of their services, and help prevent or defer fraud.They may also collect information from consumer reporting agencies or other service providers if you attain certain other financial products (Wal-Mart. com, 2013). Automated Information Collection Wal-Mart also gathers technical information such as the customer’s internet protocol address, device operating system and browser type, the address of a referring website, and the path the customer takes through the Wal-Mart website.Wal-Mart uses â€Å"cookies† to recognize you as you use or return to their website. Wal-Mart also uses web beacons that allows them to know if a certain page was visi ted, an email was opened, or if ad banners on their website and other websites were effective (Wal-Mart. com, 2013). Marketing Information Used Wal-Mart uses information for different purposes but for this paper we will discuss how they use information for marketing purposes. Fill requests for products and services and communicate with the customer about those requests * Administer surveys, sweepstakes, contests, and promotions * Provide customer service * Help improve and customize their service offerings, websites, and advertising * Send information about products, services, and promotions Information Systems Point of Service/Sale System Wal-Mart uses SUSE @ Linux Enterprise Point of Service/Sale system that is supplied by the Novell group vendor (Information, 2007).This system is made up of three primary components: Administration Server, Branch Server, and Point of Service Client Images. The SUSE Linux Enterprise Point of Service Administration runs Wal-Mart’s main office in Bentonville, Arkansas. It records sales from all the stores but also contains a database of goods sold through other sales outlets such as Wal-Mart online shopping. This data also comprises of information like the number of items bought by a user and similar products purchased along with other online statistics.The Branch Server boots the Point of Service clients from the local network, registers new client devices at the website, distributes operating system updates to the client devices, and also stores the sales information as a backup in real time simultaneously as the Administration Server. The Point of Service Client is the indirect interaction between customers when they make any purchases at Wal-Mart. These devices process and record purchases and allows real time coverage of sales and inventory information for all sales.Having this type of information gives marketing managers the tools necessary to make informed decisions about what promotions to run and on what product s in real time. Retail Link Retail Link was developed in 1992 by Wal-Mart’s very own Information Technology Department (Hays, 2004). Using this software Wal-Mart can look at the take up rate for sale items, changes in the number of customer purchases, and the amount the average customer spends during a promotion. Marketing managers will know what products were being bought and what items that the customer may have added on during that purchase.Having that information may give the marketing department the idea to do a promotion with those two items paired up together. Retail Link software can also display to vendors various key information such as the repurchase cycle time of the product, purchase quantity per basket, and provide information such as sales history and sales performance. This allows vendors and Wal-Mart’s marketing managers the ability to simulate what-if situations that can help them make more informed marketing decisions (Hays, 2004).The information gat hered in these systems give marketing managers the intelligence needed to figure out which marketing initiatives have worked in the past, are currently working, or may work in the future in order to prevent wastage of money from ineffective promotions. Wal-Mart uses these systems in order to provide customer satisfaction, everyday low pricing, and to enhance the shopper’s experience (Walmart. com, 2013). Conclusion Wal-Mart collects information on its customers numerous ways. Some sources are transactions, customer service operations, surveys, and website registrations just to name a few.They could, however, come from other sources such as outside companies that help Wal-Mart update its records. Wal-Mart wants to communicate to its customers for feedback through email newsletters, special offers, and new product announcements. Wal-Mart also participates in interest-based advertising, which means the customer may see advertising on its website tailored to how the customer brow ses or shops. This type of information is essential today in accomplishing the goals Wal-Mart has of everyday low pricing and its customer first approach. References Hays, C. L. (2004, November 14). What Wal-Mart Knows About Customers' Habits.Retrieved from NY Times: http://www. nytimes. com/2004/11/14/business/yourmoney/14wal. html? oref=login;oref=login Information, W. (2007, January 24). Wal-Mart Taps Microsoft, Novell For Linux Deployment. Retrieved from Information Week: http://business. highbeam. com/137376/article-1G1-158268344/walmart-taps-microsoft-novell-linux-deployment-walmart Walmart. com. (2013). Annual Reports. Retrieved February 11, 2013, from Walmart. com: http://stock. walmart. com/annual-reports Wal-Mart. com. (2013, March 3). Privacy Policy. Retrieved March 3, 2013, from Wal-Mart. com: http://corporate. walmart. com/privacy-security/walmart-privacy-policy

Much Ado About Nothing : Acts: I & II

Benedick’s Soliloquy on ideal woman: (2.3.20-27) In Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing Benedick, a romantic young Lord in Padua, is head over shoulders in love with Beatrice, Leonato’s niece. A moment ago he satirized the â€Å"fantastical† behavior of Claudius in love. As he readies himself for love, he contemplates the sterling qualities he seeks in his love lady. He desires her to be the embodiment of all rare virtues admired by men. He would not buy her unless she is â€Å"fair†, â€Å"wise† and â€Å"virtuous†. Furthermore, she needs to be â€Å"rich†, and â€Å"mild†, and   Ã¢â‚¬Å"noble†. He also expects her to be   a brilliant conversationalist as well as an â€Å"excellent musician†. Benedick goes about choosing his woman as a fastidious buyer go bargaining for the best property at lowest price. This speech is meant to provide fun and mirth to the audience; but it also demonstrates the male attitude of regarding women as property. If he succeeds, then he would be in possession of a gem of a woman, and could go about boasting of   his prize catch. We are indeed prone to laugh at such acquisitiveness. The commodification of woman is also deplorable. She has to be tailor-made with all virtues stitched in to satisfy the male ego. It is a folly for Benedick that he rules out the possibility   that if such a perfect woman existed at all , she might   not choose him. Benedick’s reaction to hearing that Beatrice is secretly in love with him: (2.3.181-213):2 paras. On her husband like qualities. On why he is so easily duped by his friends. In the speech following the trap   set by Pedro, Claudio and Leanato, Benedict starts behaving like a very compromising lover who is willing to bury past   his antagonism with Beatrice. As suggested by Pedro, Benedick begins his introspection – self-examination to improve his chances of being a good and worthy husband. Like a repentant lover and future husband he feels he has unfairly treated the fair Beatrice, and her love â€Å"must be requited†. (2.3.216) He also decides that he â€Å"must not seem proud.† (2.3.220). He concludes that she is fair, virtuous and wise for having fallen in love with him. He has now grown wise to listen to people’s criticism which would lead to the improvement of his personality. For having so long opposing and railing against marriage, he makes a 180 degree turn and pledges to â€Å"be horribly in love with her.† (2.3.226) He further argues that he must break his vow of celibacy so that â€Å"the world must be peopled.†(2.3.233). Being conditioned and brainwashed by Leanato, Pedro and Claudio he now discovers â€Å"some marks of love in her.†(2.3.236)His conclusion – â€Å"I am a villain; if I do not love her.† (2.3.253) – is a proof of his delusion. In this speech Benedick recapitulates after eavesdropping the mock-serious conversations of Claudio, Pedro and Leanato who aver that Beatrice is dying for his love, but   is too modest â€Å"to wear her heart out first.† (2.3.195) What he so long regarded â€Å" a gull† now has become veritable truth; as he says, â€Å"This can be no trick: the conference was sadly borne.† Like the typical lover with   Ã¢â‚¬Å"imagination   all compact†, he is duped by the   prank played by Pedro and Claudio. He is unable to see through the â€Å"sport† to mislead both   the proud lovers to hold â€Å"an opinion of another’s dotage.† (2.3.208) The old and the experienced Prince and Governor are successful in manipulating the romantic but arrogant lovers to confess their love and overcome their egoes. All Beatrice’s objections like â€Å"Against my will† and forcing her on â€Å"knife’s point †¦to choke a daw withal.† (2.3.246) are romantically interpreted as signs of love. Benedick’s behavior does confirm Shakespeare’s view of lover in Midsummer Night’s Dream: â€Å"The   lunatic, the lover and the poet/Are of   imagination all compact.† (Midsummer, 5.1.7) Their wild imagination hardly resembles the reality. Qualities I like in a man or woman. Do I choose any qualities admired by Benedick? Why? Or why not? The qualities I like in a man are tenderness, affection, and a capacity for enduring relationship. He must not treat woman as a prized possession for his personal benefit; but treat her as an equal partner. The qualities admired by Benedick are male ego-centric and would not satisfy any modern woman. â€Å"Wise†, â€Å"noble† and â€Å"mild† are admirable qualities in male as well   female spouse. Some intellectual qualities like brilliant conversationalist and excellent musician are   welcome personality traits, but not a necessity. But â€Å"rich† indicates love of wealth and dowry which often creates problems in marital life. Benedick gives the impression of a customer with a shopping list of virtues rather than a lover. To match his list a woman has to be perfect. No woman would like such an exacting husband. Work Cited: Craig, W.J.(ed.),   Shakespeare: Complete Works. London. O.U.P. 1974   

Three Conferences That Created the Dominion of Canada

Three Conferences That Created the Dominion of Canada About 150 years ago the three British colonies of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island were considering the possibilities of joining together as a Maritime Union, and a meeting was set in Charlottetown, PEI for September 1, 1864. John A. Macdonald, then Premier of the Province of Canada (formerly Lower Canada, now Quebec, and Upper Canada, now southern Ontario) asked if representatives from the Province of Canada could also attend the meeting. The Province of Canada contingent showed up on the SS Queen Victoria, which was well supplied with champagne. That week Charlottetown was also hosting the first real circus Prince Edward Island had seen in twenty years, so accommodation for the last-minute Conference delegates was a bit short. Many stayed and continued discussions on board ship. The Conference lasted for eight days, and the topic rather quickly switched from creating a Maritime Union to building a cross-continent nation. The discussions continued through formal meetings, grand balls, and banquets and there was general approval for the idea of Confederation. The delegates agreed to meet again in Quebec City that October and then in London, United Kingdom to continue to work on the details. In 2014, Prince Edward Island commemorated the 150th anniversary of the Charlottetown Conference with celebrations all year long, across the entire province. The PEI 2014 Theme Song, Forever Strong, captures the mood. The Quebec Conference of 1864 In October 1864, all the delegates who had been present at the earlier Charlottetown Conference attended the conference in Quebec City, which simplified getting an agreement. The delegates worked out many of the details of what the system and structure of government for the new nation would be like, and how powers would be shared between provinces and the federal government. By the end of the Quebec Conference, 72 resolutions (called the Quebec resolutions) were adopted and became a substantial part of the British North America Act. The London Conference of 1866 After the Quebec Conference, the Province of Canada approved the union. In 1866 New Brunswick and Nova Scotia also passed resolutions for a union. Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland still refused to join. (Prince Edward  Island joined in 1873 and Newfoundland joined in 1949.)  Towards the end of 1866, delegates from the Province of Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia approved the 72 resolutions, which then became the London resolutions. In January 1867 work began on drafting the British North America Act. Canada East would be called Quebec. Canada West would be called Ontario. It was finally agreed that the country would be named the Dominion of Canada, and not the Kingdom of Canada. The bill got through the British House of Lords and the House of Commons quickly, and received Royal Assent on March 29, 1867, with July 1, 1867, the date of the union. Fathers of Confederation Its confusing to try and figure out who the Canadian Fathers of Confederation were. They are generally considered to be the 36 men representing the British colonies in North America who attended at least one of these three major conferences on Canadian confederation.

Boradinging the view of the Bl essays

Boradinging the view of the Bl essays It seems that it may be mass media or pop culture that seems to portray talking black cool. Karla D. Scott from Saint Louis University makes the point that many people in main- stream America have the, perception that black language use also indicates stupidity on the part of the user. (Gonzalez, 183) Although it is not necessarily true, it seems like if you are a African-American, and you do not use slang or ebonics you are considered a sell out or that you, you do not sound black. Ebonics which was introduced in Oakland, California in 1996, is the term used, ...in reference to language of black Americans.( Gonzalez, 183) Many images that come to mind when discussing or trying to understand the black language may come from some icons in American pop culture, like Buckwheat from the Little Rascals, which shows a young black boy, who speaks incorrect English and seems to somewhat uneducated (Gonzalez, 184-85). This is a common theme in many television shows and movies and it is quite unfortunate that many outside the black culture and even in its own culture feel that all blacks speak this way and that is simply not true. Whereas those African-Americans who are educated and do speak proper English, are considered other blacks and maybe considered to be a sell out. Overall, unless you are an African American, it is awfully hard to comment on this issue. If you are not part of a culture it is unfair to make a strong statement whether you agree or disagree with a particular aspect of the issue. But I think that Bill Cosby this past summer said it best, that he feels strongly that young blacks are not going to be successful or make it in this world if they keep acting the way they do. What he meant is that what see in the music videos is not reality; you cannot be a thug and act like a punk and expect to make it in this world. And I fe ...

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Financial Accounting Concepts Phase 4 DB - Essay Example In accordance with the introductory part of the report, it can well be stated that Management Information System (MIS) is a tool that assists management end users in decision making by providing/generating timely reports in a pre-defined, well documented fashion. From this definition, the key words that can be identified are: Thus implying that for routine decision making, managers are in need of some pre-defined reports that are generated by an MIS on a routine basis. Timely availability of required information is precisely what managers need today for effective decision making process. Thus, it can be well derived that MIS systems generate reports that also enhance the decision making ability of managers by means of providing quick and effective reports from the existing set of data and information. MSS or Management Support Systems were the earlier form of an MIS, where the prime target was to give information and support for the efficient decision making by managers. But the buzz word of MIS got clicked and became famous all over in the 60s. the concept of MIS, though older and much advance technologies have come into play these days, is still of much significance to organizations, mainly for the two reasons listed below: Its major emphasis is on the usage of IT by the business managers. As the true goal of a computerized IS is to support the decision making process of the management, not just data processing of the POS generated data. Its stress is towards the framework of systems that compiles and keeps organized set of IS applications. Business applications of IT should always be considered as unified and incorporated computer based information systems and not as autonomous data processing jobs. Providing information and support for management decision making by all types and levels of managers is a complex task. Such task is eased by the application of an MIS that eases the flow of

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Huckleberry Finn - Essay Example Being the protagonist, he has shown an incredibly unbelievable wit and courage for his age, giving away his treasure to the lawyer only to protect it from his squandering father. He was quite creative to have made up a solution for his problems regarding his father and other problems he faced along the way. His courage would be much admired, braving the difficulties of living on his own and trying to survive a cruel world. As the hero of the story, Huck was not just presented with difficulties he had to overcome by his father or other people around him but by the works of nature as well like death and fear, making him have the feelings of the audience toward him. In addition to this role, Huck is also the focal character who stirs up the curiosity in the reader to the next event of his life, holding their attention to the end of the story. His being the focal character also raises excitement in the audience as well as his emotions but not necessarily to empathize with the character. As the protagonist, the character of Huck was the most essential in the story because the narration is molded around his character and the events in his life.

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Life Words - Essay Example In a sense, people create their own realities which are objective as far as the self is concerned. Given the argument that there is no single reality, it is then quite unreasonable for the society to adopt a universal principle – as in the case of beauty. Yet no matter what the argument is, the question would always go back to the importance of beauty itself in the society. Perhaps, it is rooted to the fact that it is in man’s instinct to dwell into pleasure – and the concept of beauty itself draws pleasure. But then again, whose pleasure has to be satisfied? Is it the person possessing the attribute or the one perceiving it from the outside? Perhaps, it works both ways such that what actually gives delight to a person possessing the attribute is being recognized by the other as beautiful. The one who is looking finds beauty desirable while the one who possess beauty wants to be desired. This is how the society works. Unfortunately, someone would always follow so meone else’s standard – and this standard becomes the society’s reality. Nonetheless, if the society would adopt the belief exemplified by the old adage, given that its meaning has been justified by the idea of varying realities, then people would take delight of their own self rather than of the perceptions of others towards them. If this happens, standards set by the society will be broken as people will be beautiful in their own ways. Having established the essence of the phrase, it is now worthwhile to set the argument on why it should be adopted. First, the concept of beauty – at least, in the modern times – is not necessarily a product of shared cultural beliefs and perceptions but of mass media. In today’s society, the concept of beauty is largely influenced by the mass media which dictate people’s standards that are readily accepted without giving a second thought. The media becomes the standard such that it identifies those w ho are blessed with beauty and those who are not. It is actually absurd that it tends to contradict even the nature of humans itself. Products that promise flawless skin, for instance, came only after people are born with genetically acquired freckles – something which is not supposed to be a big deal as it is natural. But then again, just because these products emerge in the market, freckled individuals, are now consider not beautiful. Needless to say, while people struggle to meet the so-called requirements of being beautiful, the big industry makes profits. The second argument is that the notion of beauty being portrayed seems to encompass only the physical attributes of a person. As such, beauty has become superficial. To a large extent, it degrades the essence of being human. Physical appearance is something that people are born with; hence, it does not reflect anything about them – it is merely a product of nature. It is the character and the abilities that refle ct the kind of person someone is. More than anything, a person who aims to be desirable should prove that he or she is more than just a pretty face. While the society remains to be blinded by superficial standards, the physical appearance does not define a person. In relation to the previous argument, another issue is that the concept of beauty leads to false assumptions. Ideally, someone who possesses beauty is assumed to be good in whatever ways. Yet this issue has been settled that physical appearan

Comparison Essay Example for Free

Comparison Essay Both of Emily Dickinson’s poems are about death. â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop For Love† is more about the cycle of life than death. â€Å"I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died† relates to the final moment before death. Emily Dickinson’s poems are both centered on death; â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop For Death† is based more around upbeat and happy scenes, as where â€Å"I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died† talks about the preparation before death. Although both poems have very different meaning, the two poems both focus on the ending of life. In the last line of â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop For Death† Emily Dickinson says were toward eternity. In Dickinson’s second poem it says, now she waits for the king to come. In the first poem Dickinson refers to eternity meaning after death living for forever. In the second poem waiting for the king to come relates to the end of existence, when the king comes back to take us all. In â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop For Death† has a happy ending and is a very appealing poem. Dickinson describes a girl being picked up in a carriage for all of life’s journeys. Where Dickinson’s second poem was a serious poem, describing the build up right before death. She mentions the stillness in the air, and breath-gathering firm. One poem is very heart warming and, the other is very serious. These poems ultimately have the same meaning, but both take a different look at death. The first poem contains the process of life before death, and how she is working for a new beginning. Dickinson’s second poem talks about her death being the end of everything, Dickinson even mentions decaying in the grave. The first poem has a positive outlook on death, and the second portrays a rough end to life.