History :: essays research papers

Robert E. Lee this abetter _or_ abettor commander outgeneraled McClellan. Jefferson Davis first and last president of the confederacy, he wasnt a very genuine president even though he served at the Mexican war.Ulysses S. Grant wasnt good at anything except war, but he was one of the dress hat at that. With the help of gunboats, Grant captured two major Confederate gathers Fort Henry on the Tennessee river and Fort Donelson on the Cumberland river. The latter exploit gained him a nickname. When the Confederate commander asked for surrender terms, Grant replied No terms except unconditional and immediate surrender can be accepted. From then on, Grant was known as unconditional surrender Grant.Abraham LincolnStonewall Jackson commanded an army from Virginia. Got the name Stonewall for being the main rason the confederate won the first battle of pig bed run.William T. Sherman commander general appointed by Grant to command the Union army in Tennessee. His army was able to fight I w ay from Tennessee by means of Georgia to the Atlantic coast and then move north through the Carolinas.P.G.T. Beaureguard commander general for the confederate army, April 12th 1861 he gave order to fire the ricochet at Fort Sumter. This was the start of the Civil War.William McClellan Copperheads Northern DemocratsIronclads first type of submarines. Did not play a big role but where new applied science made during the war.Ft. Sumter By the time Lincoln was inaugurated this was one of the last two forts in confederate states that remained in Union hands. It stood at the mouth of the harbor in Charleston, South Carolina. It was built out of heavy brick but was within easy range of cannon positioned on the nearby shore. Confederates wanted to take control of this fort because it symbolized union power. On April 12th when the first shots were fire on Ft. Sumter is began the Civil War. Battle of Antietam First battle of Bull Run Here at the diminished creek of Bull Run Northern soldi ers confronted an equally inexperienced Confederate army. The civilian population was similarly unacquainted with the realities of war. In Washington ladies and gentlemen put on their best clothes and mounted their carriages and horses. Carrying picnic baskets and iced champagne they rode out to observe the battle. At first the Union forces had the upper hand. In the middle of the day much Virginian troops arrived with Stonewall Jackson. The made a very strong stand which gave their general the name Stonewall.

The Great Depression :: essays research papers

October 29,1929 was the daytime when my world got turned upside down. It was dubbed Black Tuesday because that was the day the Stock Market crashed where many people and corporations frantically tried to sell their stocks in the beginning the prices fell to the lowest theyve been in years. (pg.485) My husband, our two children and I lived in Chicago during the Great Depression. Our economy has severely declined putting millions of men and women out of jobs including my husband. (486) Before the falling off his income would total up to several thousand dollars a year but now we are lucky if we even get a quarter of that. The flushed Cross has set up soup kitchens and bread lines for the poor. (pg. 491) My husband has spent many hours waiting in lines to watch fresh bread for the family. I pooh-pooh to stand there on the streets begging for intellectual nourishment, I have to much pride and will not be seen stooping to such levels of the poor. The few food that we do have left o ver before the depression is canned and saved in the icebox for winter. I used to be able to go out and pay for new clothes for my children but once again that pleasure is stripped from me as I now sit hours a day sewing from scratch. Because material is so hard to come by at a cheap price, I try and gather as many drivel of old or used material as I can so I may sew them together to create a drag for the family to use at night. With all of these domestic duties to complete at home its hard to find time to look for one of the scarce jobs available. (pg. 493) Although I would receive less money then the men, it would still provide more income to the house budget. Additionally, the odds of a married woman securing a job are slim. some people believe that married women have no right to work when there are plenty of single men out of their jobs and suffering. Plebeians assume that I have the easier side of the dilemma because they don?t see me standing in the cold asking for food, but the thing is, I?m doing as much if not more than they are Not only am I budgeting the household income, I?

Critical Prespective Native Son :: essays papers

Critical Prespective Native Son Richard Wright marked the beginning of a new era in black fiction. He was one ofthe first gear American writers of his time to confront his readers with the effects of racism. Wright had a way of telling his reader about his own life through his writing. He is best cognize for his novel, Native Son, which is deeply rooted in his personal life and the times in which he lived. This paper will discuss this outstanding American writer, his extremely acclaimed novel, Native Son, and how his life influenced his writing.Richard Nathaniel Wright, was born on September 4, 1908 in Roxie, Mississippi. His father was a sharecropper and his mother a schoolteacher. In search for better battle his father moved the family to Memphis, Tennessee. While in Memphis, hisfather fielded as a night porter in a hotel and his mother worked as a devise for aCaucasian family. Shortly after their move to Memphis, Wrights father deserted hisfamily. His mother then trie d to become any work she could find to support her family. Then, at the age of seven his mother became ill and was unable to financially support her family. As a result, the family had to move to Jackson, Mississippi to live with relatives. Wright remained in Jackson until 1925 (Walker, 13).In 1925, Wright left Jackson and headed as far as his money could take him, andthat was Memphis, Tennessee. Memphis was the exact same city in which his father hadinterpreted his family to find a better life and where he abandoned them. Wrights first trip to Memphis ended in disappointment, desertion, and deprivation. While there Wright foundwork as a messenger for an optical company. He lived in Memphis for approximatelytwo years. During that time, he witnessed the deep and violent South which eventuallywould permanently scratch him for life. Margaret Walker wrote I am convinced that the best of Richard Wrights fiction grew out of thefirst nineteen years of his life. All he ever wr ote of slap-up strength andterrifying beauty must be understood in this light. His subjects and themes,his folk references and history, his characters and places come from theSouth of his childhood and adolescence. His morbid interest inviolence-lynching, rape, and murder-goes certify to the murky twilight of asouthern past. Out of this racial nightmare marked with racial suffering,

Biography of Saint Francis of Assissi Essay -- Saint Francis Italy Rel

Biography of Saint Francis of Assissi1. BirthSaint Francis was born Giovanni Bernadone in each 1181 or 1182 in theItalian hill t witness of Assisi. His parents, Pietro and Pica, were members of therather well-to-do merchant class of the town. Pioetro Bernadone was away inFrance when his son was born. On his return, he had the boys place changed fromGiovanni to Franceso (The Little Frenchman-perhaps a tri scarcee to France, acountry he loved and from which his wifes family came). Saint Francis of Assisi,was born in 1182, more probably in the latter year. His mothers family, whichwas non without distinction, may originally have hailed from Provence. Hisfather, Pietro di Bernardone, was a prosperous cloth merchant and one of theinfluential business men of Assisi. A merchant in those days was a fardifferent individual from the modern shop keeper forced by circumstances to beboth daring and prudent, he continuously embarked upon the most hazardousundertakings and his career was likel y to be a succession of ups and downs.Moreover, business activities, which today tend more and more to assert theirindependence of some(prenominal) ethical code, were then strictly subordinated to acceptedmoral standards, as is clearly shown in the writings of Leo Battista Alberti, acentury and a half later, or in the Summa Theologiae of Thomas Aquinas.Bernardone was not in Assisi when his son was born. At first the child wascalled John but upon his fathers return he was christened Francis, in memory ofFrance, because Pietro di Bernardone had just returned. More than any othercharacter in history, St. Francis in after life retained the qualities mostcharacteristic of childhood, so that it is not baffling to imagine him as hemust have appeared during his early years, with his combination of vivacity,petulance and charm.ChildhoodAt the proper time young Francesco Benardone was sent to clergy of SanGiorgio, his parish church, to peck his letters and the ciphering necessary fora mer chant. He sat on a bench with the better-class boys, chorusing sacredLatin. He was not a brilliant student. The three surviving scraps of his writingbetray a clumsy fist and abound in sad solecisms. In later years he avoidedholding a pen he preferred to dictate, and to sign his pronouncements with across or tau, a semisacred symbol. However, he learned ... ...Not only am I sick, but the brothers who were sent to help me will not do it, asthe ought. Saint Francis, divinely inspired to understand that this leper waspossessed by an evil spirit, prayed most piously for this man before God.After he had prayed, he returned again to speak to the leper My son, I willtake care of you, since the others do not want to. Ill volitionally have you.What can you do though that the others have not done? What do you want me todo? I want you to wash me, for I fume so bad that I cannot stand myself.Saint Francis immediately went and heated water, which he scented withherbs. Then he undressed the ma n and washed him with his own hands, whileanother brother poured the water. Through divine power, wherever Saint Francistouched him with his hands, the leprosy disappeared and the flesh grewimmediately healthy. And as his body mend, his nous also healed along withhis body. When the leper saw his body heal, he began to weep bitterly becauseof his sorrow for his sins and great compunction that he felt. As his body wascleansed from the leprosy by the bathing, so his soul was cleansing power of histears and his sorrow.

Advice - Is it Better to Give than to Receive? Essay -- Personal Narra

Advice - Is it Better to Give than to Receive?Advice and the language its given in can work only if the person in need of it can handle what is being said to them and accept it. Otherwise it just goes in unrivalled ear and out the other. Advice to me needs to be spoken in a calm and rational way or I tend non to see to it. It can be advice from parents, relatives, friends, colleagues, or just about anyone, even myself. Advice given to me when I was younger was a lot different than when I got older. I tended not to listen to my parents. At nine and ten, they gave me an allowance. I saw it as money to run out and spend on candy. They saw it as a study opportunity and a chance to instill a value system in me. At first I didnt take the advice, in occurrence it took years to realize the im...

Advice - Is it Better to Give than to Receive? Essay -- Personal Narra

Advice - Is it Better to Give than to Receive?Advice and the language its given in can determine only if the person in need of it can handle what is being said to them and accept it. Otherwise it just goes in one ear and break through the other. Advice to me needs to be spoken in a calm and rational way or I tend not to listen to it. It can be advice from parents, relatives, friends, colleagues, or just about anyone, even myself. Advice given to me when I was younger was a lot different than when I got older. I tended not to listen to my parents. At nine and ten, they gave me an allowance. I saw it as money to run out and spend on candy. They saw it as a learning opportunity and a chance to instill a value system in me. At first I didnt take the advice, in fact it took years to visualize the im...

Extended families are making a comeback in many countries around the world Essay

Family is one of the most valuable and irreplaceable things that one is blessed with in a lifetime. A family is the foundation to ein truthones life. The military issue of your life is dependent on your family. Morals and values are obtained from your family circle. There are many types of family that exists in directlys society, each important to the fosterage of children. The most common type of families found in Maldives are extended family and nuclear family. Nuclear family is a family unit consisting of a mother and father and their children. across-the-board family is a family group that consists of grandparents, parents, children, siblings and their immediate family, uncles and aunts living together in the same house. jibe to Population and Housing Census, 2006 (2007), roughly 80 percent of Maldivian households consists of a adept nuclear family composed of a married couple and their children rather than an extended family. Nevertheless, Male city, the capital of Maldive s is flourishing with more extended families living in the households.In fact, this development is due to people migrating to Male for better health facilities, quality education, job opportunities and many more luxurious facilities. However, extended families living together in Male has many benefits and drawbacks. Many people who have extended families find that due to several generations living under the same roof, thither are potentiometer of role models for the children of the household to look up to and learn from, with many elder family members being able to pass down certain traditions to the juniorer members.In todays world where people talk about equal opportunity as well as high living costs, where both parents have to wrench in order to provide all the necessities for the children, grandparents take care of the younger children. They see to that the child has nutritious food and keep an eye on them frankincense preventing them from getting into bad habits. Also they t alk to the children or share stories from their past which develops a strong bond in the midst of them. Being in a bigger family with more people to talk to help a child develop quicker.For example, with more voices in the house, toddlers may start talking quicker, also this helps children their language development. According to What influences child development? (2012), the family that invests time, energy and love in raising a child will see the most positive growth. On the other hand, contrasting experiences and beliefs each generation grew up create barriers between generations. Grandparents have clog enjoying grandchildrens fashion, works situations, future plans or use of new technology.Grandchildren have difficulty in understanding their grandparents because they feel that their privacy is being invaded, and their grandparents intervene in their life by setting limits. Hence it develops conflict among the old generation and the young generations. Furthermore, living in Ma le very expensive. According to the Vulnerability and Poverty Assessment 2004, renting households across all income groups paid around 45 percent of their income on rent.Thus sharing the rent and expenses among all the members solutioned in many family members living in small households congested with a lot of family members. Even though expenses of rent, utility bills and foods is shouldered by all members, see and conflict arises on how members contribute to foot the bills and how they get to maximize the use of things which are bought to the household. For example, a information processing system system bought by one sibling may be used more by a child of a nonher sibling and may not be available for use when in need.These kinds misuse of facilities available create sibling rivalry. These kinds of conflicts leads to fallout among members which take longer to forgive and arguments can reignite very easily. On the other hand in an extended family you can find a stronger feeling of security being surrounded by family and knowing that there will be someone to support you when in need. Like everyone being able to support one another through a crisis such as one of the family members losing their job. In these cases, all extended family work together to support each other until a new job can be found. elongated families also give the feeling of belonging because we see people who have a link to us through origin, making them feel something bigger than scantily themselves. According to Population and Housing Census 2006 (2007), the capital Male with an area of about 2 sq. km. accommodates 35 percent of the res publicas population of 298,968. In short this means that Male which has always been the center of all development in the country results in overcrowded housing units. Vulnerability and Poverty Assessment 2004 explains that between 1997 and 2004, the proportion of people living inhouses with 40 square feet or fewer of housing areas per person has increas ed from 17 to 22 percent and the plowshare of houses with a compound has decreased from 57 to 39 percent hence making the capital city much more crowded. As a result members living in a household have less personal privacy and weak family relationships. Most of the time during weekends people want to be on their own, but in an extended family these types of freedom are not possible. It is certainly disturbing that somebody is playing cards or PS-3 or watching television receiver while others are working at home or studying for exam or just relaxing.If kids are fighting and elders have a misunderstanding then in these families people will not have a peaceful environment. Parents find it difficult to spend quality time with their children on an single basis and also find it impossible to have private time away from them. Lack of privacy is linked to depression and other negative mental outcomes like physical health. First household crowding can produce stress that leads to illness . Second, through shared physical proximity, household congestion contributes to the spread of genetic disease.A significant body of research, conducted primarily in affluent countries, has documented the unfavorable effects of housing conditions on a range of illnesses, including various transmittable diseases. On the other hand, where most of the family are working to earn a better income, household chores becomes easier as it is shared among all members. Humans are social, in terms of nature and thus they cannot live alone. Therefore, peoples character and ethics are grown and strengthened through family.It is proven that an extended family is a better economic unit because it consumes lesser resources and provides more role models for behavior of values. In conclusion living in extended family is tough because you lose a significant amount of freedom and is forced to sacrifice a lot for your family. But realize the value of having family to help and support when in need. Taking the country as a whole extended families will out win advantages over disadvantages. But regard to the capital city, Male, disadvantages outweighs advantages of extended family.

Lord of the Flies by Sir William Golding

Lord of the Flies was the kickoff fable published by Sir William Golding. Although Golding had published an anthology of poems nearly two decades forward writing Lord of the Flies, this novel was his first extensive narrative work and is informed by his scientific training an academic background. In human beingsy ways Lord of the Flies is a hypothetical treatment of particular scientific concerns.It places a group of young English boys on a deserted island where they must develop their own society, in essence constructing a sociological experiment in which these boys must develop without any societal influences to shape them. In fact the beginning chapters of the novel analog assumptions about valet evolution, as the characters visualize fire and form levels of political composeity.However, what concerns Golding in Lord of the Flies is the nature of crime as demonstrated by the boys on the island. He concludes that the evil actions that the boys commit are inherent in pityi ng nature and can only be controlled by societal mores and rationality, as exemplified by the characters Piggy and Ralph.Although the novel does not adhere to themes particular to one sacred tradition, in Lord of the Flies Golding draws upon a great deal of religious symbolism updated to conform to more contemporary ideas of human psychology. The title character, the pigs head that Simon dubs the lord of the travel is a translation of the Hebrew word Baalzevuv, or its classical equivalent Beelzebub.For Golding, this devil comes from within the human psyche rather than acting as an external force, as implied by Judeo-Christian teachings. Golding employs this religious reference in more Freudian terms. The devil that is the lord of the flies awards the Freudian conception of the Id, the driving amoral force that works solely to ensure its own survival. The lord of the flies directly confronts the most spiritually motivated character of the novel, Simon, who functions as a prophet- martyr for the other boys.Lord of the Flies is firmly rooted in the sociopolitical concerns of its era. Published during the first decade of the Cold War, the novel contains obvious parallels to the struggle between liberal democracy and totalitarianism. Ralph represents the liberal tradition, while Jack, before he succumbs to total anarchism, can be interpreted as representing military dictatorship. In its structure as an adventure the novel further resembles the science-fiction genre that reemerged as a popular form of books during the fifties.Symbolism played an important part in the development of story. This narrative technique is used to give significance to certain people or objects, which represent some other figure. Piggy and glasses represents clear-sightedness, intelligence. Their state represents the status of social order. Ralph, the Conch represents democracy and order. Simon represents pure goodness or Christ figure. Roger represents evils or Satan. Jack represents savageness and anarchy.The island represents the world where people live. The scar represents mans destruction or destructive forces. The beast represents the evil residing within everyone or the dark side of human nature. The Lord of the Flies represents the Devil and great danger or evil. There are many other aspects in the story that may be considered symbolism, solely the several that I mentioned are probably the most significant. Another good example of symbolism is the shape of the island. The boat shape of the island is an ancient symbol of civilization. The weewee current around the island seems to be flowing backwards, giving the subtle impression that civilization may be going backwards for the island or its inhabitants.William Golding presented numerous themes and basic ideas that give the reader something to think about. One of the most basic and obvious themes is that society holds everyone together, and without these conditions, our ideals, values, and the basics of right and wrong are lost. Without societys rigid rules, anarchy and atrocity can come to light.Golding is also showing that morals come directly from our surroundings, and if there is no civilization around us, we will lose these values. Other characteristics of human beings that he showed in the book are that people will abuse power when its not earned. When given a chance, people often take favor or degrade others to improve their own security. The author also showed that you can only cover up inner savagery so long before it breaks out, given the right situation.Just like what happened to Jack. He also showed in the book that its better to examine the consequences of a decision before you make it than to discover them afterward. Another theme in the book that I have observed is that the fear of the unknown can be a powerful force, which can go you to either insight or hysteria. Just like what happened when they fear the unknown figure that they saw in the island which led them to murder Simon.I agree with the authors theories on the basic nature of human beings. Without the values or morals being taught in our society and the basic knowledge of good and evil people will have a tendency to become savage or evil because it is part of the human nature. It goes back to the fall of the first man named Adam. After the fall, sin became a part of the human nature. Without the teachings of good values and morals, savagery will manifest in people.

Is Strategic Leadership Necessary to Effectively Manage Global Strategy in Today’s Essay

Critically evaluate whether strategical leadinghip is essential to efficaciously manage world-wide strategy in todays turbulent melodic phrase environment In todays environment, companies need much and to a heavy(p)er extent than than than flexibility to success in a rapidly changing world which evolves constantly over the year. It is provoke to speculate if a strategic leader is necessary to lead the conjunction to the success and to well manage the global strategy of the firm. The term of leadership is hard to define and there atomic number 18 over four hundred definitions of what it really is.Leadership lay roughly be in a poetic way, agree to Warren Bennis, worry beauty its hard to define nevertheless you know it when you see it. Or in a more(prenominal) concrete way, we croup say that leadership is a matter of making a difference. It entails changing an transcription and making choices among plausible alternatives. It depends on the development of others an d mobilizing them to get the job d atomic number 53. (Useem, 2001). Consequently, strategic leadership is the fancy of the leader, the directions chosen by him to lead the company to the success.strategic Leadership consists also in persuading the members of the organization in order to build an organizational structure whose aim is the strategic productivity. ( guidancestudyguide. com, 2010). This concept of strategic leadership is more and more important in a context of global strategy. Indeed, nowadays, it is more and more usual to globalize its company in order to gain in productivity and performance. Thus, the global strategy of a company is somehow, a kind of strategic guide to succeed in the globalization process.This is a guide which permits the company to go ahead the barriers to international trade by gaining competitive advantages according to (quickmba. com, 2010). A global strategy essential ask itself some questions like what must be the presence on the market in ea ch(prenominal) country? How to build an international global presence? Regarding to these two important aspects of a business, it is interesting to wonder if the strategic leadership is related to the global strategy and more precisely if the strategic leadership is necessary to success in globalizing its company indoors this turbulent business environment.The strategic leadership may contain an impact on the global strategy of a firm nevertheless, strategic leadership is sometimes subject to some issues which sight impair the viability of the company and its potential success. Indeed, the leaders have a lot of pres authoritative, they have to deliver results and manage the personal, which is more and more complicated in a changing world directed by the development of new technologies which implicated more and more reactivity.And sometimes leaders can make mistakes, Gerald Ratner, CEO of Barclays Bank, has said in front of TV cameras and reporters that he didnt have a credit card because its too overpriced That wasnt very professional Thus, the position of the leader is always a kind of a precarious position because he has to make decisions which will jog the success of the company. Charan and Colvin (The quest for quality of reverse life a TQM approach) highlight some strategic mistakes that a leader could make, some misjudgements which can lead to issues in term of strategic leadership.The first one may be pot related. Indeed people cant be underestimating, and sometimes it happens, people of an organization are the glue of this one, so it is necessary to understand people skills to have a harmony in the corporation, especially in footing of relationships, according to superlative Donaldson and Tom Otoole (strategic market relationships from strategy to implementation, 200), personal contact can non be underestimated. So it is crucial to have some strategic leadership to make sure that everybody is held at fair measure.Moreover, another difficulty for the leader is to fail putting the right people at the right fall out, this task requires a analysis of each people in the staff in order to place them in the job in which they are the most efficient and in which they will work the best and do their best contri saveion. According to Buckingham and Coffman (1999) in their book First, Break All the Rules What The Worlds Greatest Managers Do Differently, they put before twelve questions which are really useful to put people in the adapted job (bainvestor. om, 2010).Another people related problem can be the fail to deal with managers who are underperforming. The decision making process is also seen as a issue in strategic Leadership, some decisions are not made which can implied a cost in term of time and money. The leader has to use good simulated military operation to make their decisions. The problem is that, according to Nutt (researchnews. osu. edu, 2010) a good tactic in decision making require time and leaders are looking f or quick fixes, but over the long term, theses tactics turn out to be successful.Beyond these issues, the leaders have also to face some challenges in particularly concerning the environment which is changing. Lao Tzu says that resisting change is like holding your breath if you persist, you die. The challenge that faces the leader is how to adapt them to a changing environment, and more precisely in this context of globalization, because the employee may feel shady relative to the change. This kind of barrier has to be destroyed by the leader by setting objectives, having open discussions with employee or showing their commitment.Manage the employee is a challenge, but the nature of the strategic environment is another one. According to (airpower. au. af. mil, 2010), there are four components which can be seen as challenges to the strategic leader Complexity, Ambiguity, uncertainty and volatility. The leaders have to anticipate scenario to avoid volatility (ex Bosnia/Kosovo), and to highlight the act of the competitors to reduce the uncertainty and the complexity of the interdependence of the components.Moreover, the ambiguity can be solved by working in team this work will permit not to have multiple interpretation of one problem for use. As said before, the scotch world has change over the past few years, with notably the financial crisis which has affect business productivity. This event shows us that the situation can change one day to another. Thus Brigid L. Bechtold explains in his book Chaos theory as a model for strategy development, the necessity of putting in place news strategies to balance a random economic situation.Moreover, the author emphasize the notion of interaction between the company which are now interdependent, a strategic leadership must deals with this situation in order to communicates and acts conscientiously, and notably in the case of corporate parenting. The corporate parenting has to set priority for the strategic leadership . Corporate parenting is a management which is intern to the company, no others actors of the market are taking in account there are no interaction with others actors such as competitors or buyers.The aim of corporate parenting is to give value to the firm, but these operations require money and generate cost. There are three different types of this kind of management, strategic planning, strategic control and financial control. The strategic planning puts resources together in order to fortify each business units to achieve a common goal, for instance providing central services and resources. The strategic control consist in using the corporate parent ability to build some value for the business and at last under the financial control type the corporate parent evaluate and ontrol the performance of each business unit (scribd. com, 2010 ), and then business units are more independent even if they are subject to performance standards. The corporate parenting provide thus a clear i mage of the strategy to all the business units, managers can focus on the same goal. Moreover, a corporate parent can interfere and guides its business units if they are underperforming for example. As an example we can talk about Virgin which is the perfect example of a successful corporate parenting Robabdul. com, 2010Virgin was able to understand and institutionalized markets, but also in terms of innovation, by buying and created partnership with good skilled company. Moreover the management is flexible and gives flexibility to business units. (robabdul. com, 2010) But the corporate parenting can also destroy value instead of adding this one. (accessmylibrary. com, 2010), some might say that the destruction of the value is created by the level of corporate overhead costs, but even if these costs are high, it is not the principal cause of failure.The most often, the influence of the parent are bad, because they put in place invalid objectives and unsuitable strategies. Thus, the managers have to use this strategic leadership of the corporate parents to develop the same and adequate strategy within the business units and the strategic leadership must be aware of the objectives given to get a line that they are realizable. In a context of globalization, this corporate parenting can face culture issues which can impact on the global strategy.The globalization is a phenomenon which is more and more spread its a new way of working and in to manage people who come from different countries, some authors had created some dimensions dealing with cultural dimensions and the different value orientations. Indeed the studyity of these workers dont understand the attitude and the reactions of their colleagues because of the culture which includes different ways of thinking or acting. A strategic leadership has to leverage on cultural difference for competitive advantage.To create opportunities of collaboration a strategic leader must understand the management philosop hy and the national character, to help this, Greet Hofstede created dimensions (hofstede. com, 2010) which permit to analyze and understand people from a different culture. A good strategic leadership is necessitate to manage these cultural gaps, because culture can be assimilating to the driving force beyond a man behavior.To succeed in a multicultural environment, the leaders must adopt the concept of global leadership, (Managing cultural differences global leadership strategies for the 21st century, by Robert T.Moran,Philip R. Harris,Sarah Virgilia Moran, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2007 ), they have to be capable of in operation(p) in the globalized world and being respectful of each culture, he must be flexible and open in order to perceive and understand people reactions. Companies have also to take care of what they said, if they didnt pay attention to their slogan, they can get into trouble, thus the slogan of American Airlines Fly in lash has been translated in Spanish by fly naked (brandingstrategyinsider. com, 2010). To have this open-minded spirit, the relationship between management and strategic leaderships must be defineThe leadership, and more particularly the strategic leadership are the eyes of an organisation, they have to see what is coming, to anticipate the future in order to give the opportunities to the company to create the future. Instead, the management, according to the figure, is more about execution. Indeed, the management deals with organization, they follow and accomplish the mission given by the leadership, they have to comprehends the vision and the road map (relationship-economy. com, 2010).A good example of the relation Leader/manager is the story of the creation of the iMac by Apple. 2-speed. com, 2006) The ex-CEO of Viewlogic relates its anecdote all the work on the iMac was done, the product was about to be launched when Steve Jobs, a great leader, require that the case for the computer has to be gauze-like. This resulted in additional cost and engineering work had to be restarted because it has to be pretty either. This story shows well the differences of vision between a leader and a manager Steve Jobs has seen the importance of the design over the long term and put the base of Apple competitive advantage. Relationship-economy. com, 2010In this climate of economic uncertainty, the role of the strategic leadership within the global strategy is important notably speaking of the globalization phenomenon which is playing a major role in the business environment of today. Strategic leaders are necessary because they are the inspiration of the company, the guide of the managers. As seen before, in terms of corporate parenting, strategic leadership plays a crucial role in the success of the different business units, but sometimes, it happens that the influence of this one compromise the viability of the different business units.Globally speaking, a company has often resort to internationalize itself, to s ucceed in this way a strategic leadership must be set, in order to understand and leverage of cultural differences. Concerning the relationship between the relationship between management and strategic leadership, they have a special relationship, on could not function without the other. Whitout the execution of the ideas of the strategic leader, these ones would be useless.These two concepts are interdependent, the management deals with organizing, planning and answers short terms questions, while conversely, the strategic leader responds to long terms issues and determines the position of the company and its strategic direction. The strategic leader must communicate to the company values. He should increase the belief of employees in the company and be transparent and involve them in their role. It must be open in order to speak freely of market information, because employees exigency to know where the company is going and want to know what the leader knows.It is also important f or the leader to take into account the opinions of everyone. Indeed even if the decisions that are not suitable with the wish of the employees, having been listening reinforce their membership to the business. Even if there are bad decisions making by some strategic leaders, (notably speaking of the CEO of the banks which didnt pay attention to the mistakes that they have done and start the financial crisis), they are necessary in the global strategy of a company but some strategic leadership can be at the origin of failure and being not adapted to some kind of company.Thus strategic leadership is important to manage global strategy to give confidence and to innovate in the turbulent environment. But to avoid some mistake the management can be stricter and let more place to concrete work instead of just ideas in order to stabilize and create a secure environment for the business.Referenceshttp//www.quickmba.com/strategy/global/http//www.managementstudyguide.com/strategic-leadership. htmhttp//www.cmoe.com/strategic-leadership.htm

Evaluation of Gender Inequality Essay

Charlotte Bront wrote in Jane Eyre, I am no bird and no earnings ensnargons me I am a free human being with an nonparasitic will. No visible net ensnares womankind. However, long have women been viewed and treated as unequal to their male counterparts. This inconsistency is alive everywhere. As displayed in Of Mice and Men, gender dissimilarity is alive even in fiction. Gender equality has been an ongoing struggle in fiction and reality, our country and foreign countries, and in the past and the present.Gender unlikeness effects the people of the entire world. For example, there are major issues involving gender in Egypt. In Egypt, there are the sparks of movements trying to introduce women into government without repugn the reigning Brotherhood. Another place that struggles with gender inequality is the U.S. where women representation in government is very low. Only 17 out of 100 senate seats are held by women. Even in the U.S., one of the most highly regarded nations in the world, women are not entirely equal.Gender inequality has effected people totally through time. In example, it wasnt until the 1920s that women could vote in the U.S. Women have long been considered less than their male counterparts. Only recently have women put a dent in the extreme patriarchy that has existed all through history. Today, women still are of unequal representation, pay, and rights across the globe. For example, in the U.S. today, there is an average pay crack cocaine of 77% (as of 2009). This means women earn 77 cents to a mans dollar as pay for the same positions. This is one example of how inequality lingers in modern day first world countries.Gender inequality is also existent in both reality and fiction. We have already given umteen examples of real cases and statistics including representation and wage gaps. However, there is also gender inequality in the fictional world. For example, in Of Mice and Men, Curlys wife is a tip example of gender struggles. She is constantly being marginalized. Sheis viewed as a thing that would get Lennie in trouble preferably of an actual person. Even her name is neer spoken. She is referred to as Curlys wife which reaffirms Curlys ownership over her and her status as a possession or an object instead of a human being.When her dead body is found, the first and only comment made of her death was along the lines of, Poor boy. Curlys wifes death was seen as nothing scarce something unfortunate for Lennie. This contributes to the pile of evidence that can conclude that Curlys wife was considered a mere object. through and through time, in foreign countries, and even in between pages, gender inequality has been a constant struggle. Charlotte Bronte wrote that she, a woman, is no bird. A woman, after having a net thrown on her and her fellows time and time again, must decide to declare that they are not a bird, but a human being. Human beings arent to be ensnared. It is said that the first step of fixing a problem is the recognition that it exists. So, women must understand that the net encompassing them is not a blanket, but a prison. Together, womankind must stand and declare, We are not birds. Hopefully, these examples of gender inequality is bringing more attention to the net. Hopefully, the realization will dawn that gender inequality is thriving among us and will not die out on its own. It has existed everywhere, always. A mighty effort is to be made to begin the reversal of this inequality and injustice.

Footnote to Youth Essay

1. What view of support does the level present? Which character best articulates this viewpoint? Marri progress in a actually juvenile age when you be not yet prep ard with the obligations accompanied to it will give birth to much problems. That we should not rush time in our decisions but nevertheless to weigh e genuinely single action well be making. Dodong is the one who represents the typical youth that experiencing a lot of uncertainties in life that make him realize that he sacrifice his youth just for the sake of proving himself that he whoremaster manage his confess life because he is matured enough to face this lifes challenges. If he can managed himself to overhear a family because he knows that he is in the legal age that he can be independent and can definitely choose the right from wrong.But because of his foolishness, he had difficult time meeting the expectations that he essential achieve. Because he just realized that he was wrong that he was not listening to his parents about dealing with union, family and life after marriage. And now that he has his own family, he just accepts the fact that it already happens.2. According to this works view of life, what is mankinds relationship to God? To the universe? Teenage marriage is the most common problem of the youth these days, Love and beingness in love encompasses a lot of things in life that we have to keep in mind. Being married at the young age is something that many people should consider because with everything thats been happening in our society we might just melancholy it. Indeed, marriage is a holy sacrament that is to be taken seriously and responsibly by two people who have witnessed their love grow.3. What moral statement, if any, does this report make? Is it explicit or implicit? Having a family is really hard to do a lot of thinking before pursuing to do it. Also, being aware and conscious of the Filipinos in terms of our status in life that it is not practical for a typ ical youth to get out married if they are not physically, financially, emotionally, psychologically stable. Furthermore, it is better for us to follow what our parents what is think for us is best because our parents really knows how life should be. They already experienced these things and they do not askto experience this kind of things. Finally, we must have proper education about responsible parenthood to avoid consequences when we engaged to have a family.4. What is the authors attitude toward his world? Toward fate? Toward God? It gives reminder for the Filipinos especially the youth of what a real life could be today. Explains the life a youth who get married earlier without planning what will happen ahead. The author wanted to guide the youth in dealing with early marriage. He made the story for us, youth, to be guided. Guided in our decisions in life. That we should not rush time in our decisions but nevertheless to weigh every single action well be making.5. What is the authors conception of good and criminal?Eagerness of youth is in terms of what they want and when they want it. So true in the community. Yet, this very young and too eager generation do not yet know or too far away from the realization of the possible outcomes of their very subjective decisions in life. I am also a youth who get what I want. I realized that is it not always good to have everything I want at hand when I wanted them. As I seek the journey of the road called life, I come up into a though that everything I wanted most will come right on time, thus, creating greater fulfilment and contentment in life. Meaning, what life may spree is too different from what we want in a rush. What we either achieved is best rather than good.6. What does the work say about the nature of good or evil?Do not let things pass so fast. Savour each moment that you are still in the bracket of youthfulness. The secret to a carry out life and too far from regrets is to live each day or moment m eaningfully.7. What does the work say about human nature?You can also see the disappointment because the youth of today is like Dodong who is apathetic about the real score in life and because they say that they are mature, close-mindedness are being seen for this. This story is true to life and all the youth is experiencing this kind of trouble. For example at the provinces, because of lack of education and orientation of the parents and siblings about responsible maturity and parenthood, their siblings areengaging to a lot of relationship and turnout to be marrying at the young .Because in provinces, it is not wrong to marry at the young age but there is certain limitation. If the man is mature enough to face life challenges to avoid consequences. He will get to marry his retainer provided that he has his parents consent. Like Dodong

Ancient Theatres in Jerash Essay

Modern technology has changed matters in accompaniment signifi rottertly and promises to continue to bring change. This paper attempts to present1-How should we understand supporting of archaeo lucid Sites, historic physical bodyings and monuments according to their functionicularities, categories, shells, components of financial support, taking into account the internationally agreed standards for the documentation of the cultural inheritance. 2- The potential of the application of 3D laser Scanner and Photomodeler in documentation of the immovable cultural heritage. As a typesetters case study the antediluvian benas of Jerash (the s bug outherly and the Northern) will be presented. While the character of use diverse methods of documentation is to make comparison comparison of the payoffs ,disadvantages ,the accuracy of the traditional method contri excepte station , 3D scanner method, and Photomodeler method.1. INTRODUCTION As cultural heritage is a unique expres sion of human achievement, and since this cultural heritage is continuously at risk, documentation is one of the principal ways available to give meaning, understanding, translation and recognition of the values of the cultural heritage. As such it constitutes an entailmentant basis of orientation for subsequent restoration and maintenance measures. Furthermore all interventions acquire the division of evidence themselves and therefore, take in to be documented. Article 16 of the Venice Charter emphasizes that in all works of preservation or excavation, there should always be specific documentation in the form of analytical and critical reports, illustrated with drawings and photographs. E really stage of the work, including technical and formal features identified during the course of the work, should be included. This record should be set(p) in the archives of a public institution and made available to research workers.It is recommended that the report should be published. Th us documenting the Cultural heritage not selectly describes the context in which the materials were found, and their relationship in space and time to geological deposits and salient architectural features, but also as monitoring of the remains of onetime(prenominal) human activities. The documentation process, which may be undertaken as an aid to sundry(a) CRM activities, such as protection, identification, monitoring, interpretation, enrolment of stolen cultural objects, can benefit tremendously from various modern techniques that ar available to us nowadays. (graphic documentation) Techniques based on conventional conform to to piss down plans, elevations, and architectural spots. Photographic e.g. photography, rectified photography,computer-rectified photography, photogrammetry, and 3D laser scanner.The photographical documentation should provide information on the important condition of a monument, i.e. before, during, and after restoration. 3. INTERNATIONAL CORE DATA INDEX There are three internationally agreed standards for the documentation of the cultural heritage a) The Core Data Index to Historic Buildings and Monuments of the Architectural Heritage (1992), b) The Core Data Standard for Archaeological Sites and Monuments (1995), and c) The inclination ID (1997) which was developed to provide an international standard for the information needed to commit cultural objects, in response to the threat posed by the illicit shift in the movable heritage. The evaluation of the documentation process can be carried out by comparison with such standards. Other considerations could be related to the specialty of the monument, the cost, the ability to benefit from modern digital techniques and the success in acting as a historical record of human activities.4. ANCIENT THEATRES OF JERASH Few ancient towns are as well preserved and as complete as Jerash, a metropolis complex that once was a thriving commercial partition and part of the Decapoli s. Built in the 2nd century BC the city was conquered in 63 BC by the Roman General Pompey. The grand theatres and colossal public squares, plazas and baths, the Roman Cardo running 700 meters north from the Oval Plaza and pass sky-piercing columns flanking from both sides in Jerash make this site truly an archaeological park. 4.1 The southern field of operation in Jerash The southern dramaturgy (Exterior Diameter 70.5m) today is one of the most impressive of Jerashs public building. Begun at the end of the 1st century AD (during the reign of Domitian) and completed in the early 2nd century. On its completion, it became one of the most splendid civic monuments in the2. CATEGORIES AND COMPONENTS OF DOCUMENTATION Regardless of the location of the activity, it type or philosophy of art and historical conservation, the documentation should address three questions what it is, where it is, and when There are three Categories and Components of Documentation Written should comprise an a rchitectural description, the order of preservation , an interpretation of the results of all tests and analyses, a summary of the results of all investigations, and a report on the interventions executed.Non-photographic________CIPA 2005 XX International Symposium, 26 September 01 October, 2005, Torino, Italy________ developing city and certainly the finest of its type in the whole province. The cavea of the auditorium was divided into two sections, with a wide terrace (diazoma) describing the full half circle between them. The bring low half was built into the side of the hill. While the top half was built above it. Although the auditorium has survived remarkably well, the top rows of seats are missing, and one cannot be sure of the exact original number.( common fig. 1) encipher. 2 Plan of the Northern Theatre The theatre itself probably had two main phases during its lifetime. It was dedicated, and probably completed, in AD 64/65. It was a small, probably, theatre used for poetry readings, meetings or more modest performances than the large dramatic events that would shed taken place in the citys larger Southern Theatre. The theatre may also ingest been the city councils meeting hall. It was- modified several times and probably enlarged in the first base one-quarter of the 3rd century. It finally went out of use as a theatre by the 5th to 6th centuries. On well-nigh of the seats of the lower cevea are inscribed in Greek the names of the voting tribes (phylai) that were represented in the bouleutirium, or city council except one tribe named after the Roman emperor Hadrian, the others are named after Olympian gods. the theatre was also used as a bouleuterion, or city council meeting-hall.The theatres expansion in the first quarter of the3rd century AD included the addition of eight rows of seats, doubling the theatres capacity to around 1600 people. The three ruff preserved outside(a) vomitoria, at the western end of the upper auditorium, show their original construction of three independent, semicircular arches rising towards the exterior with evidence of large wooden doors that could have been opened or near(a)d to control access to the theatre. The original scaena wall, facing the audience from behind the stage, was dismantled and replaced by a more complex scaena compose of two parallel wal1s. The rectify scaenae frons was probably two storeys high, and was adorned with colored marble, free-standing Corinthian columns and broken entablatures, behind which were semicircular niches decorated with mosaics.Figure. 1 Plan of the Southern Theatre The front of the stage was divided into four sections with pedestals between them. Each section was decorated with a central pedimental niche flanked by arched niches .These elaborate architectural compositions are a common feature of Roman theatres. The front of the stage is decorated with pediment and arched niches. The wall rising behind the stage, the Scaenae Frons is pierce d by three doors used by the performers to enter and exit the stage from the sides. The Scaenae Frons would have had second storey repeating most of the decorative and architectural elements of the lower level. practically of the outer (north) wall of the theater is a modern reconstruction.The rebuilding, however, of the rear wall behind the scaenae frons must be regretted, for we do not know what this wall was wish well and such suspect restorations run the risk of endangering the validity of the whole structure for how can one be sure what is genuine and what is not? Happily, the greater part of the theatre is completely genuine. (Browning. Iain/ Jerash and the Decapolis) 4.2 The Northern Theatre The North Theatre complex is composed of the North Theatre (Exterior Diameter 43, 47m, orchestra Diameter 14,33m) itself and a plaza in front of it . A great deal smaller than the South Theatre, its orientation is determined by the northern decumanus upon which it opens and from which i t is approached. The cavea shows the usual arrangement of four cunei in the lower half, and eight in the upper half .At the top of the upper section of the cavea there was scarcely room for passageway and colonnade.( Figure. 2 )5. METHODS OF DOCUMENTATION IN JERASH THEATRES The purpose of development different Methods of documentation of the Southern and Northern Jerash theatres is to make comparison of the advantages ,disadvantages ,the accuracy of the traditional recording method, 3D scanner, and PhotoModeler. Accuracy is the correctness of the meter, regardless of its precision. clearcutness refers to the fineness of measured distinctions. Results of the case studies are presented and compared. The aim is to give (mostly non geodesical) users recommendations, which method is suited best for what kind of application, or even if a combination of 3D scan and PhotoModeler is advisable. Criteria like quality of the results, amount of cost and time, required equipment and occurring problems are to be considered. To investigate the advantages, disadvantages and ________CIPA 2005 XX International Symposium, 26 September 01 October, 2005, Torino, Italy________ the accuracy of these methods, we carried out some case studies for the two theatres.Different typical objects were chosen and characteristically parts of them were recorded by tape, enumerate station, PhotoModeler and 3D scanning. In this research project, we have installed a number of different test targets that allow an investigation in the quality of points recorded by laser scanners and the geometric models derived from the point clouds. 5.1 By using Total Station and AutoCAD Software Conceptually, entirety stations are different from most measuring systems used by archaeologists because they are effective over a great range of scales and have an accuracy that is unusual in our experience. Limits on drawing precision that were once inherent in the use of scaled drawings have been removed by CAD syst ems. For example, it might be measuring the position of a point 1 km away from the total station and be accurate at least to the centimeter. This is equivalent to the use a tape to measure the distance to an object a meter away with .01 mm accuracy.The total station can be used to measure archaeological structures during an excavation. The precision with which a CAD system can maintain coordinates depends on the internal information structure chosen, but all standard CAD systems maintain coordinates at levels of precision beyond the scholars capacity to measure. A surveyor collecting data using preelectronic techniques could have used the tape to take the measurements, together with cross section for elevation information and quantity estimates. Or, the survey could have been completed using such polar techniques as transit or theodolite/EDM surveys. Electronic data collection with total station instruments permits the quick acquisition of a large amount of field data, together w ith the efficient and error-free transfer of the data to a computer.Once in the computer, the field data can be edited and analyse for completeness of coverage and accuracy. For the documentation of the Southern theatre and the Northern theatre of Jerash more than 900 points were taken using the total station (Skoia). memorialize measurement was conducted to record some of the dimensions of the theatre (the motion-picture show and some architectural details). The goal of these measurements was to collect more field dimensional measurement and other detail measurement for the documentation of the theatres. proficient documentation for the Southern theatre of Jerash 2D and 3D was finalized with 2D documentation and reconstruction for the Northern theatre of Jerash. 5.2 By using PhotoModeler While photogrammetry and metric surveying techniques can be suitable for archaeological sites and buildings, they present certain disadvantages for smaller and more complex objects.PhotoModeler is a windows software program that helps to extract measurements and 3D models from photographs. By using cameras as an input device, photomodeler is capable to extract accurate measurements and details. It is based on using several photos ( Figure 4 ) from different angles with known central length, using control points ( Figure. 5 ). PhotoModeler can create 3D models and export the measured data as a dxf file. ADVANTAGES Contains information about lift detail (e.g. weathering patterns).Photographs are easier to interpret and recognize than drawing. DISADVANTAGES Essential high-skilled photographers.The enlargement of images should do accurately.Photographic format (analogue).PhotoModeler is one of the methods we used in documenting, measuring, and modeling the scene of the Southern theatre in Jerash. Several selected photos taken from slightly different positions were shot using digital camera. For calibration, some 3D points of the scene were obtained. For this purpose a moder n integrated total station model Sokkia to collect more than 50 points to record the 3D points. These points were carefully chosen to be very well distributed on the scene in order to use them as GCPs (Ground Control Points). ( Figure. 5 ) With these data, we produce a 3D model, Orthorectified images (Photogrammetry) and measurements (x, y, z) or lengths for the stage of the Southern theatre of Jerash. For more accuracy we produced a detailed model for the scene features- the left Gate(Figure. 3 ) and then combined these detailed models together to produce the scene of the theatre.Figure 4. Camera Stations to produce a 3D Model for the the left Gate of the stage of Jerash Southern Theatre Figure 3 3D Model for the left Gate of the scene of Jerash Southern Theatre.________CIPA 2005 XX International Symposium, 26 September 01 October, 2005, Torino, Italy________ first implementation of the parvenue technology seems to be very useful and promising. The main advantage of scanning is t he fast and direct collection of large numbers of surface object points. The measurement process needs no attendance except for the set-up required when establishing a new viewpoint. The huge number of records formed a nice cloud of points, which very precisely matches the true 3D shape of the interested object (in our case the cavea and the scene of the two theatres). In the office there are two sophisticated softwared, which deal with the collected cloud of points.One of the software can import the clouds and get a nice three model of the object. The other software can also get the 3D model and rectify the model to get the measurements of the object. The final result can be exported to CAD software like Auto Cad or Micro Station. A couple of Million of 3D points were captured from different points of view. In addition to the 3D points, a set of 2D images were also been taken. In the Southern theater three stations were sat up to capture points of the theater from different angles of view as shown in (Figures 6, 7, 9). In the north theatre we used three stations to cover the whole theater and two stations to capture the surrounding area . All these stations and the cloud of points are shown in (Figures 8, 10).Figure 4. Several photos from different angles with known central length, using control points for the Scine of the Southern theatre 5.3 By using 3D scanner. Laser scanning technology with its automated data capture capabilities is bringing new perspectives and can satisfy most requirements of this type of applications. 3D laser scanning represents today the most advanced technology available for measuring and documenting objects. Our scanner can measure on average about 1000 points per second. Terrestrial laser scanning technology is based on active range sensors measuring instanter the distance between the sensor and points over the surveyed object. Objects that can be documented by 3D scanning, range from the sizes of coins or potsherds to whole cul tural landscapes. Traditional heritage recording methods like airless range photogrammetry are not suitable for all kinds of objects. Particularly when the objects have very irregular surfaces and not a intelligibly defined structure, scanning will probably yield better results than photogrammetry.In contrast to photogrammetry 3D scanners directly produce a huge number of 3D points. The resulting point cloud can be used to extract CAD elements or by using point triangulation to create a 3D surface model. Additionally, images can be mapped onto the model to get a virtual copy of the real object. While both photogrammetric and laser scanning techniques can deliver identical type of products the end users are accustomed to have, other supplementary data such as line drawings, DTM etc., A main advantage as compared to close range photogrammetry is the availability of near real time 3D coordinates for irregular surfaces. The striking capability of collecting hundreds or even thousand s of points per second is praised by producers and operators. On the other hand, questions concerning the quality and accuracy of the recorded points receive little attention. Specifications stated by the producers are not comparable.The main difference between scanning and photogrammetry is straightforward While photogrammetric surveying is an indirect data acquisition method (images are needed before measurements can be executed), scanning produces 3D points directly. As geodetic surveying instruments, scanners cannot be used when the object or the observation platform is moving. In these cases, photogrammetric images, which can be acquired with very short exposure times, are the yet means of metric documentation.Although surveyors tend to see accuracy as a predominant consideration when comparing measuring equipment, for the practical use there are numerous other characteristics which may be decisive under certain project pre-conditions. Four stages for doing the work scanning in the field, registration ,segmentation, modeling . To build up a precise 3D model of the South theatre and the North theatre we used the 3D laser scanner model GS100 MENSI. The results weve obtained were very precise and theFigure 6. Mesh part of the Scene and the cavea of the Southern TheatreFigure 7. Cloud Points of the Scene of the Southern Theater________CIPA 2005 XX International Symposium, 26 September 01 October, 2005, Torino, Italy________ ADVANTAGES Very precise measurements. A solution in situations where 3D measurement by other means may be difficult. Quick in data capture. On-sitescanning is possible. DISADVANTAGES Very expensive. Practical limits on the object size and height. May have difficulties on some material surfaces. May have difficulties on some Material surfaces Editing the data to produce meaningful results may be difficult. other applications. The software has the ability to export the final models and solids to Auto Cad using the solid SAD converter.2) R eal Works Survey. Provides the user a set of tools for processing 3D point clouds and 2D images in order to obtain the prerequisite information. Generally, this processing can be divided into two modes the Registration mode and the Office Survey mode. During the registration mode we register several scans simultaneously by using data captured during target scanning. Several test fields using white spheres as targets have been installed to get information about the accuracy of distances in scanning direction and across. We also use the Geo Referencing tool to put the scanned data into a known coordinate system. During the office survey mode, we segment the point clouds into logical parts. We also extract measurements or different types of 2D drawings from the point clouds. These extracted results were exported into CAD systems.6. LASER SCANNER DATA ACQUISITION The laser scanner MENSI GS100 was used in this project and scanning was performed from various positions so that the full co verage of the surface will be achieved with sufficient overlapping (Fig. 10 ). The specific scanner has a recommended range of 2-100 , with optimal range of m.. The systems horizontal and vertical field of view is 60 degrees. Reflective targets distributed over the site allowed the easy registration of the scans during data processing. Although the laser scanning software provides direct and immediate access to the scan data by visually inspecting the point cloud in situ to identify possible problem areas in the data sets, it proved that some parts of the site were excluded and larger overlap was required for the complete merging of all scans.Figure 10. North theatre Overlapping areas and gaps Starting with the question of accuracy, it must be understood that total stations have built-in limits on precision that are often ignored and that affect ultimate accuracy. Accuracy refers to the agreement of a value with the true value. Whereas the problem was once measuring as precisely as possible or as precisely as a scaled drawing could display, the problem is now to measure and record as precisely as required for the particular project. A comparative evaluation of the techniques in the data capture and modeling of the northern gate of the Southern theatre is shown and measurement results of the Tape measurement, PhotoModeler, 3D Laser Scanner GS 100 MENSI measurement are presented in table 1Figure 8. Mesh view of the North theatreFigure 11. Cloud Points of the Cevea of the southern TheatreFigure 9. Mesh part of the northern gate of the Southern Theatre The office work included the use of two software packages 1) 3Dipsos. Sophisticated software used to reconstruct 3D models from large sets of point cloud data captured by a 3D laser scanner. It is an negociate data processing application between scanning and the use of environments reconstructed in ________CIPA 2005 XX International Symposium, 26 September 01 October, 2005, Torino, Italy________ to 90 degrees as possible, 4. correspond that all points appear on three or more photographs, 5. Ensure all point and line markings on the images are precise, and do not come close at a point location if it cannot be seen, is not distinct, is fuzzy or is hidden by some other object.Nevertheless, the precision supplied by total stations or photogrammetry software and recorded in CAD models must not exceed the limits on accuracy of the total system and must be appropriate for the job at hand. As already stated, every project has its own particularity. Those needs should be carefully determined, explicitly stated, and properly met by the survey methods and procedures. Laser scanning provides dense 3D information that can be implemented for the DEM and also for the determination of the ground coordinates of presignalized control points. The large sets of data obtained are an impediment to virtual computer visualization. Often it is very difficult to deal with the data without large RAM memory of the o rder of two GB.7. CONCLUDING REMARKS The documentation of the Jerash theatre was implemented by a combination of photogrammetry and 3D laser scanning. Generally Hand survey is labor intensive specially in the field. ready reckoner rectified photography is the simplest method of producing drawings. Metric cameras are no longer needed and can be substituted for with simple digital cameras. The advantage of using photogrammetry is its speeding and accuracy, especially over large and complex structures. Cost will inevitably be one of the deciding factors in choosing between different recording methods, but should not be used to decide the level of survey. The effort needed to get accurate and detailed DEM models by means of photogrammetric procedures only, is considerably high.There are limits on precision based upon a different group of contributing factors, lens distortion, precision of lens focal length measurements, size of photos used. PhotoModeler is an elegant measurement me thod used in documentation of cultural heritage applications. The shortfalls of this method, mainly associated with limited geometry of areas in the shadow of the object, are more prominent when the object is a large complex form. However its use does not involve large costs or sophisticated equipment, as only a calibrated digital camera is needed.The recent emergence of terrestrial laser scanning has shown that it has the potential to be of major value to the cultural heritage recording professionals. While data collection in this project using the PhotoModeler and Laser scanning methods indicated a small gain in time over laser scanning, the main advantage is the fully automated data capturing process using terrestrial laser scanning. Generally, laser scanning requires viewing the surveyed object from several viewpoints to resolve shadows and occlusions. To achieve the best accuracy in PhotoModeler 1. Ensure that a well-calibrated camera is used for the project, 2. Use photos with good resolution. 3. Ensure that the angle between the camera stations is as closeJohn Coles, The Site Record and Publication Conservation on Archaeological Excavations, Ed.N.P. Sanley Price, ICCROM, pp.59-69, Rome, 1995 Photogrammetric Measurement, Object Modeling and Documentation in Architecture and Industry, Ed. Petros Patias, ISPRS, VOol.XXXII, Thessaloniki, 1999 Documenting the Cultural Heritage emended by Robin Thornes and John Bold ,Getty Information Institute,1998 MENSI 2001 Mensi training materials, German training course, May 2001. WWW 2001 An extensive collection of links to laser scanner producers and reports about applications in cultural heritage is maintained by the authors at http//scanning.fh-mainz.de -www.international.icomos.org/recording_fre.htm Browning.Iain/ Jerash and the Decapolis/ Chatto Windus.London/ 1982/ (Ds154.9 G47 B76 1982). andCarl H.Kraeling/ Gerasa City of the Decapolis/ Yale University/ Published by the American Schools of Oriental Research/ New Haven, computerized tomography/1938. W. Boehler, M. Bordas Vicent, A. Marbs ( Investigatgn Laser Scanner Accuracy , The XIXth CIPA Symposium at Antalya, TURKEY, 2003. Harrison Eiteljorg, How Should We Measure an Ancient Structure?, Nexus Network Journal, vol. 4,no.4(Autumn2002),http//www.nexusjournal.com/Eiteljorg.ht ml) Boehler, W. , Heinz, G., Marbs, A. The Potential of NonContact Close Range Laser Scanners for Culture Heritage Recording,CIPA Working Group VI)2001.

Life to the fullest must have the presence Essay

Living life to the fullest must piss the presence of forgiveness as well as forgetting. Forgiveness is a conscious choice, a spiritual and physical act involving the pass on, a sensation or suit of feeling, an emotional state of being for letting go of the late(prenominal). Try to imagine how halcyon we rump be if we know how to forget bitter happenings in our lives. Having a feeling towards everything is fine, it seems so convincing to live great. Indeed to forgive is hard and difficult, only we must. It is a conscious choice, a spiritual and physical act involving the will, a sensation or suit of feeling, an emotional state of being for letting go of the past.Having a big pride will make you feel bad. God said, Do unto to others as you would have them do unto to you. It would be very hard for adept to forgive someone who has done so much wrong and leaped so much suffering on them. It is important that we forgive so that one shtup move on with his life and have a chance for a happier future. In the book NIGHT, a boy named Elie faced all of these hardships and people invariably asked him whether to forgive or not despite of all the pain, the sufferings, and challenges he had experienced? But Elie must forgive because GOD said that everyone should forgive one another, no matter what the circumstances are, hence, mobilizing us to find peace and serenity every single day of our lives.Nothing will bother us especially our informal sides. When someone else causes us emotional harm, whether intentional or not, learning to let go of this pain can be one of the most difficult transitions we would have to go through but it will enable us to live life, one which is free from worry and burden. Acknowledge that youre living in received time carrying the baggage of old time. And then let go of it. Based on the book, The Purpose Driven Life by Rick Warren Your past is your past, nothing can change it. You are only hurting yourself with your bitterness. The person s who have hurt you in the pass cannot continue to hurt you now unless you hold on the memories through resentment.Forgiving and forgetting is not a gradual one, it undergoes a process. How does one forget awful memories? How would one handle the situation if he/she is in in addition much pain? Can one ever forgive or relieve the bad memories that been caused by somebody? First, find a place where you can have a peace of mind, a quiet and a comfortable place. Sit down in a comfortable chair and close your eyes, so far though it is painful and embarrassing, give some time to think what you are wishing to forget. Then, visualize a black and white picture of the situation that you are trying to forget.Afterwards, look on the illusionary replica of an experienced you hate the most. As you were looking to that picture, begin to tear it on your imagination until it turned picayune pieces where you can barely see it. Lastly, blow it away, ask if you were blowing small pieces of dust, so you know that the little speck is already gone away, and no one will ever see it. Fortunately, we are ending up forgetting the incident and forgiving the people behind the fear that circulated in their system so they could live a better life-a life without bitterness.Even the act of forgiving is difficult, forgive our trespasses as we forgive those who trespass against us. Forgiveness may takes a lot of time, it may not easily come, it involves patience and a lengthy struggle just to reach that, because it affects the relationships that need to be work in order to reach the total completeness of forgiving. forever remember where we stand. To refuse it is to refuse God. There is no other exception. God means what He says. To forgive is hard, but we must do it at whatever cost.

Psychoeducational Groups, the Best Option for Teen Mom

PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL GROUPSTHE BEST OPTIONS FOR TEEN MOMS. incline 215 November 24,2012 Teen gestation period has been a problem in the United States for years. Although rates bemuse dropped since the 1990s, teen maternal quality rates in the United States be still taller than different western societies. Teenage pregnancy is accompanied with legion(predicate) negative consequences such as shortened educational experience, diminished employment, larger family size, increase risk of single- p arnt and poverty. Teen set outs struggle on a daily basis, if you are one of them you should huckster a psychoeducational multitude.Teen mothers should attend psychoeducational multitudes beca enforce they buttocks teach teen moms parenting skills, social skills, and deliver them with the support they need in dedicate to maintain a healthy life style. The separate push aside alike include adolescent fathers. Psychoeducational groups get out work best for this population because i t willinging create a safe place where teenagers force out learn parenting skills and flummox the support of one another. Since each teen is going through the same web site, they will be able to relate to one another and feel understood. art object there are negative consequences for the mother, the sister is also at risk by being born to a teenage mother. One of the some common occurrences is low birth weight. Low birth weight increases the mortality rate. It also has long-term personal effects such as give awaymental and cognitive delays. Low birth weight can be caused by the mothers lack of prenatal care, poor diet and show. Prior to becoming pregnant, the teens bodies are not prepared for the change. Pregnancy divvy ups a toll on the body that most teens are not ready for. When their body is not ready, the muck up can witness the negative effects.The teens need to put one over healthier lifestyles once they be hail pregnant. They group will provide information astir (predicate) the importance of a healthy diet. They will also be encouraged to revealk prenatal care and attend the necessary appointments. By teaching the girls the importance of health care, they will be able to carry it over to their churls life. The group is clearly for pregnant teens and for teen mothers since they will teach them to take care of themselves in the lead they give birth, that way when they have the baby the teenagers will be able to take ood care of the kids. absent these skills is no surprise because the teens were not prepared to become mothers and have a lack of surviveledge about child development. In addition, it is important that teens learn parenting skills. The teens need to be taught child care skills in order to better their life and the life of their child. Throughout life, the infant will depend on the parent for the sanctioned needs of life. If the parent is not able to provide, the child will suffer. The group provides them with the support th ey need to utilize the skills.The types of skills the girls can learn are Also, teenage mothers are little likely to be responsive to their child, less positive child rearing attitudes, much likely to abuse their children. Learning these skills can diminish this. The stress that comes along with teen parenting is inevitable. It can stem from many an(prenominal) aspects of their life such as school, financial responsibilities, and providing a safe environs for their child. Stress can be linked to an increase in psychological problems for the mother and increased birth complications.Teenage mothers are more prone to developing depression. However, receiving social support can decrease the amount of stress the teen experiences. When the amount of stress is decreases, the risk of birth complications also lowers. It also decreases depressive symptoms maculation birth. some(prenominal) teen mothers lack the support they need when they are going through this stage of life. While le arning new skills, the teens are also able to gain a new support system. We can define support as the presences of stable charitable relationships.The mothers need support because most of them, not all(a), come from a low socioeconomic status minority status, urban living, and having single parent. Having a stable human relationship can be hard to find living under these conditions. Therefore, the group is able to provide the mothers with the support they need in order to overcome the obstacles of teen pregnancy. During the teenage years, individuals go through many developmental changes such as identity development, emerging independence, and developing intimate relationships with others.When adding a baby to the equation, the situation only becomes harder and it puts stress on the development of the teenager. Much of their development is put on hold because of the baby and the need to jump into the mother role when they are not prepared. Therefore, they do not learn how to develo p intimate relationships with their peers. In addition to the educational aspect of the group it can also provide a social network for the girls. They are able to interact with others and learn how to develop intimate relationships.Since they are all struggling with the same issue, they will find it easier to relate to one another. The mothers education direct is the main predictor of the babys life outcome. If the mother does not receive a high school diploma, the dislodges of living in poverty are increased. The group can aim mothers on substitute(a) ways to obtain a high school diploma. There are many options the teens can use to obtain a high school diploma. One alternative is obtaining a G. E. D. There are also program that allow teens to finish high school in their home.The most important thing the group can do is encourage the mothers to finish high school and teach them the negative consequences of not destination high school. Obtaining a well-paying job will be difficu lt without a high school diploma. The girls will also not be able to continue their education without a high school diploma. documentation in poverty can lead to a lack of many necessities of life such as health care. Not having health care can put the baby at risk because they are not receiving routine check-ups.If they are not able to afford health care, there are many social services that can make health care accessible to them that they may not know about. Teens need to be educated on the methods available in order to prevent having more children. Many teenagers do not use any type of contraceptive during their first sexual experience. The group can offer the girls education about contraceptives and the correct way to use them. Many sexual education courses in the United States promote abstinence. While that would be the desirable result for all teens, it is not always the case.There are many forms of contraceptives that can be readily available to the girls if they continue to be sexually active. It is important to educate them on this topic so they can avoid having another child. The group offers a neutral environment in which they girls can ask any question they want and offer them information about unlike types of contraceptives. When helping teenage mothers overcome their struggles, they need to be taught certain skills in order to survive. The psychoeducational group will provide them with the resources they need.Teenagers will benefit from a group setting over an individual setting. For one, they will be able to engage with other girls who are going through the same thing and they can see that they are not alone. In the individual setting, teenagers may feel singled out or attacked. It can be hard for them to relate to someone who is not in the same situation as them. Also, since teen mothers do not have the time to socialize and develop social skills, the group setting offers them a chance to develop the social skills needed. They will have an int eractive experience for the purpose of learning new skills.While interacting with other people, they will be exposed to new ideas and viewpoints about their situation. Learning how to socialize with others will improve their relationships at home. It can also improve their self-esteem. While learning from the other girls, they can also teach them the strategies they have used. The focus of psychoeducational groups is preventing behaviors and teaching new skills. Therefore, it is not therapy based. This can be beneficial when working with teenagers because therapy can be viewed as a negative thing.For some cultures, seeking therapy may even be out of the question. If the group is based on developing skills, it takes away from the therapy aspect. Since many of the teen mothers are not ready for motherhood, the group can provide them with the necessary parenting skills they will need to know. By teaching them parenting skills, the girls can be more confident in their parenting abilitie s. When they know how to appropriately handle a situation, they are less likely to take it out on their children. Also, keeping their stress at a low level will have positive benefits for the parent-child relationship.The benefits of a psychoeducational group for teen pregnancy are evident. At this age, teens are experiencing many developmental changes and raising a child at the same time can be overwhelming. Since teen pregnancy is becoming more common, it is inevitable that counselors working with adolescences or families will encounter this topic. Once they are taught the the right way skills needed, they will feel more confident about being a parent. References 1-Ambul Pediatr (2003). The parenting project for teen mothers the pertain of a nurturing curriculum on adolescent parenting skills and life hassles. ONLINE Available at http//www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/12974663. 2- Mobley, J, & Fort, S. D. (2007). Planning psycho-educational groups for school. Retrieved August 28, 2007 from http//counselingoutfitters. com/vistas/vistas07/Mobley. pdf. 3- Bethany Casarjian (2003). The callowness project. ONLINE Available at http//www. lionheart. org/youth/youth_landing. 4- Valerie Burgess (2005). Improving Comfort About sex communication surrounded by parents and heir adolescents. ONLINE Available at http//www. hawaii. edu/hivandaids/Improving_Comfort_About_Sex_Communication_Between_Parents

Character Analysis of Florante and Laura Essay

I. Florante at LauraFlorante and Laura are the master(prenominal) characters of the great metrical romance of arguably the greatest Filipino poet, Francisco Balagtas. Florante is the son of Duke Briseo and Princess Floresca of Albania and the main protagonist of the romance. Laura is the daughter of King Linceo of Albania and the cope interest of Florante and is later married to him. This is a package deal, because they offert stand al atomic number 53 on their own for their cultural meaning stems from them being together, as they interpret mania overcoming extreme difficulties, as yet the great divide of culture, family and religion.The relationship between Florante and Laura is so divine and particular because their love for each some different proved that love conquers all. Their love for each mother must traffic circle a standard to all of us that we should encounter for the one we love and cherish the most. In the story, flat if there were so many obstacles and probl ems that came into their lives they still manage to maintain what they ingest for each other. It should be an workout to all of us of how real love is.II. Comparison or ParallelismLocal Crisostomo Ibarra and maria ClaraCrisostomo Ibarra and Maria Clara are the two protagonists in Jose Rizals novel Noli Me Tangere. They share a love that even outdistance tooshiet break. Just like the happenings between Florante and Laura. Theyve been separated or away from each other for some days, weeks, months or even years scarce their love stay. Another similarity is the love triplicity present in both stories. In Florante and Laura, there is Adolfo who wants to destroy the love between the lovers to get Laura. In Noli Me Tangere, there is Linares who wants to marry Maria Clara.Even if theres someone who tried to ruin their love they still remain faithful to each other. One of the best similarities of them isthat they are willing to die solely to protect each other. Crisostomo is ready to f ight the Spaniards or even the priests to set Maria Clara free but unfortunately Maria Clara died inside the convent and Crisostomo was left with revenge and guilt in his heart. On the other hand, Florante fight his enemies even if it means that itll cost his life. Good thing Florante manage to stay alive.Foreign Romeo and JulietThe very celebrated Romeo and Juliet can be compared to our very own Florante and Laura because of the flow of their story and most significantly its theme. The theme is the inequality of their culture and family. The Montagues and the Capulets are very pure enemies so if someone established an intimate relationship with one another its a sin. In Florante and Laura, theres a conflict between cultures and because of that their families became nice enemies also.Same as Crisostomo Ibarra and Florante, Romeo has a competitor also for the hands and heart of Juliet, his name is Paris. Paris is the petitioner of Juliet and the Capulets want Paris to be Juliets husband but we all know that Romeo is the one for Juliet. This shows that if you in truth love the person you will not be attracted to another person even if he do good to you or even if your family wants him for you. You should follow your heart if it is what makes you happy, you should fight for it even if it means that you will have a battle and war between people.The good thing that happens in the end of both stories is of social class when their families finally have peace. This happened on Romeo and Juliet when both families realize that its wrong to fight each other for a very long time if they should have resolved it from the very first time it occurs when Romeo and Juliet died together. In Florante and Laura peace was made when all of the fights were ended and their religions and culture became one.III. ConclusionThe similarities on the characters are very obvious. They would do anything for love and they symbolize love as being able to overcome obstacles and problems in life. Ive wise to(p) that love conquers all and if you reallylove someone you should not be ashamed to fight for it even if the things that you will encounter are as hard as a diamond. Time flies so fast youll never know what will happen so you must cherish and do everything you can do to make every moment lasts. I think another thing that Ive wise(p) is that you should not be fooled by prejudice because some conflicts are caused by that. But the main lesson of the stories and the characters is love is unconditional and sacrificial.

Chinese Features on Hamlet

Chinese Features on critical point By Xia Chen Student Number 3070313019 supervisory program Lu Junyan A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of hu humanityhoodities in the School of Foreign Language Studies, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University May 10, 2011 Abstract crossroads is considered as atomic number 53 of the greatest works of Shakespeare, since the play critical point is a magnificent example of occidental classic tragedies and the hoagy small town is a combination of various somebodyalities and contradictive human values.It becomes valuable as an important source natural of study for non scarcely literature further also sociology and anthropology. This paper is composed of four split including introduction, main body and conclusion. The main body could be divided into two parts, which are critical points Chinese features as a human and settlements Chinese features as a tragedy. In the prototyp al part, crossroadss fictional characters allow for be compared with Chinese traditional tillage filial piousness, the construct of family, morality and sexual discrimination. Filial piousness is considered as champion of the to a greater extent or less important Chinese traditional criterions.In the play crossroads, when the ghost of the died superpower, who was junctures begin, asks small town to r compensatege for him, it passms that the revenging becomes the intimately important matter of settlement, even more important than his beloved with Ophelia, it shows that critical point has a strong sense of filial piety. Whats more, to Chinese muckle, family is as important as ones keep. village also tries his best to protect his family in the play. In addition, settlement has the sense of sexual discrimination. He cyphers women are petty and low, and he does not think men and women are equal, which is also a feudal character in acient china.In the second part, th e play Hamlet is compared with Chinese tragedy the Orphan of Chaos on theme and the enjoyment of tragedy. By this way, the consanguinity in the midst of Hamlet and Chinese culture will be clearly expressed. Keywords vindicate love family Chinese culture Contents 1 Introduction1 1. 1 enquiry Background1 1. 3 Research Purpose2 2 Hamlets Chinese Fetures as a Human3 2. 1 Hamlets Character3 2. 2 Hamlets Chinese Fetures6 2. 2. 1 Hamlets Filial Piety8 2. 2. 2 Hamlets Concept of Family4 2. 2. 3 Hamlets Sense of sexual Discrimination4 . 2. 2 Hamlet and Golden Mean4 3 Hamlets Chinese Fetures As a Tragedy5 3. 1 The Orphan of Chaos4 3. 2. A Chinese Topic vindicate4 3. 3 A Chinese air To Enjoy The Tragedy4 4 Conclusion10 References12 Acknowledgements13 1 Introduction 1. 1 Research Background The play Hamlet, written by Shakespeare, is considered as one of the most magnificent art works in the world, and it has been long examine by scholars all more or less the world. Hamlet is a story a bout the princess of Denmark, Hamlet, whose father was murdered by Hamlets uncle.Hamlets uncle married Hamlets mother, the queen, and became the recent king, which do Hamlet so despaired and angry that he was eager to revenge for his died father. However, Hamlet was a contradictive young man and he was always hesitating, which make him feel painful in his mental world and he almost committed suicide. By the leading of a ghost, which was Hamlets died father, Hamlet found out the truth of his fathers death, then he began to pretend as he was mad so that he might arrest a peril to eradicate his uncle, the revolutionary king.Hamlet tried to show the truth to the public by a play, which made the hot king angry and he decided to banish Hamlet. Fortunately, Hamlet was so clever that he made a stratagem to get rid of the punishment, and he went stand to Denmark. Then, Hamlet killed his fiancees father as a manslaughter, which made Hamlets fiancee Ophelia lose her mind. Ophelias brot her asked him to duel with him in front of the new king and queen. The queen drank a bottle of poi boyous wine which was for Hamlet when she was watching the duel and she died.Hamlet was stabbed by a poisonous sword in the duel, before he died, Hamlet killed the new king by that poisonous sword. Hamlet is an epitome of human being. His personality is complicated and everyone might find well-nigh similarities with Hamlet. This makes Hamlet a symbolic character, and the studies on Hamlet could not only serving people to know Hesperian classic literature better vertical also make people think deeper about their vivification. In this essay, the author would extremity to make a comparison between Hamlet and Chinese culture. 1. 2 Research PurposeM each authors emphasize on certain aspects of literature study on Hamlet or Chinese culture, like the tradition of filial piety, the comparison of Hamlet and Chinese classic literature, Hamlets personality and Hamlets value system. The au thor thinks that many studies on this thesis throw already been done but there is not anyone who has done a general study on the base of Hamlets Chinese feature, so there is the possibility for the author to do some research on it. The weakness of recent study is that most of the studies are isolated from each other.For instance, Tradition of filial piety in China and Western culture 1 is talking about what is common that the Chinese people tend to exceedingly value such filial duties as serving, respecting, filially obeying the aged parents, and worshiping their ancestors whereas such acts of filial piety are not transfern so seriously in the Western culture. It could be a point that supports what mentioned in The family relationship in Shakespeares plays 2, and it crowd out help readers to go deeper into each of these two essays. However, few authors rich person done any study on the filial piety in Shakespeares plays, which makes this field blank.Whats more, when Chinese r eaders are nurture the play Hamlet, what might help them to to a lower placestand the literal meaning is a dictionary or a translation work, but they may always get confused about the storys culture background and Hamlets purviews about love, family and life. Bacause there was not many literature which stool help Chinese readers to understand Hamlet from comparing Chinese culture with Hamlet, it is necessary for the author to do some research on it so that more Chinese readers can understand Hamlet easier. 2 Hamlets Chinese Features as a human 2. 1 Hamlets characterThe Tragedy of Hamlet is one of the four most famous tragedies written by Shakespeare, and Hamlet is the protagonist in it. through with(predicate)out the whole play, the contradictory sides of his character could be seen easily. On one hand, Hamlet is a wise, brave, and kind-hearted young man on the other hand, he is sometimes timid, careless, and even a little bit cruel. Hamlet enjoys a high social position and has a rock-steady re designateation among his people. barely once he is called back from the university to Danmark by his fathers sudden death, he is involved in misery and the arduous assess of avenging.Life suddenly becomes so complicated and challenging for Hamlet because of his mothers hasty espousals to his uncle, the new king and also the one who killed his father. Hamlet is young and inexperienced, and his strong character enables him to stand firm under such a difficulty. Although he feels isolated and lonely, he remains calm, contend with his uncles repeated persecutions by using his intelligence, and carrying out the revenge finally, though at the cost of his own life.Through the whole play, we can see that Hamlet is neither a frail and weak minded youth nor a thought cat dreamer, on the contrary, he is fearless and impetuous in action 3 His rushing laterwards the ghost, killing Polonius, dealings with the Kings commission on the ship, jumping into the grave of Opheli a out of honest love and writ of execution his final revenge during the duel with Laertes make him appears insensible to the fear of any ordinary kind. In the play, Hamlets delay and hesitations in carrying out his task of revenge is also obvious.Hamlet even appears to be s omit and shrinking sometimes. There are some(prenominal) good lucks for him to kill Claudius bu everytime he just lets them slip by. Sometimes, when he fails to make good use of a chance, he will find some excuses for his inaction to solace himself. For instance, when Hamlet is on his way to his mothers chambe, he finds the new king is praying, he could kill the new king on the spot by his sword, but he give up the chance and he tells himself it will send someone to the heaven if kill him when he is praying.If his delay is due to the lack of evidence of the new kings crime, now he has got evidence and he should have taken immediate action, but he still fails. Hamlet often reproaches himself bitterly for the n eglect of his duty. He even asks himself in honest-to-goodness hesitation, What should such fellows as I do crawling between earth and heaven? Do I linger? Can the cause be cowardice? What is it that makes me sit idle when I feel it is scurrilous to do so, and when I have cause, and will, and strength, and gist to act ? Why in the world did not Hamlet obey the Ghost at once, and save seven of those eight lives? If he had been Laertes or Fortinbras, he would have accomplished his task in wears mourning dress and appears depressed at his mothers marriage. 4 When Hamlets mother asks him to exchange his clothing and look like a friend on Denmark, he says, together with all forms, moods and shapes of grief that can demote me truly. These indeed seem, for they are actions that a man play, But I have that within which passeth show these but the trappings and the suits of woe. The words of play, and trappings and suits of woe indicates that he suspects the cause of his fathers death. Kn owing clearly that he is under the close watch by the new king and his followers, he speaks out the Kings crime in his mother chamber, A murderer and a villain, A slave that is not twentieth part the tithe of your precedent lord, a vice of kings, a cutpurse of the empire and the rule, that from a shelf the precious diadem stole And put it in his pocket. 4Fortunately, the eavesdropper Plonius is killed by mistake.But Hamlet has made a big mistake. Though his mother promises to keep what he says a secret, his rush act leads to the death of Ophelia, and the King has another causation to kill him, that is, the duel with Laertes at the end of the play. 2. 2 Chinese fetures 2. 2. 1 Hamlets filial piety In Chinese traditional culture, filial piety is as important as ones life. One will get a bad reputation if he or she is considered as doing things against his or her parents. Young people are supposed to obey their parents and take good care of their parents.Especially for the well educa ted people, filial piety is one of the most important criterions. In acient China, people even could get an official position by treating their parents well enough. Confucius once said Filial duty is the foundation of other duties. 5From this, we can see that filial piety is almost the core of Chinese social structure. However, in the western culture, people are more likely to be independent rather than always do what their parents ask them to do, and the concept of filial piety is quite different from Chineses view.For example, in western countries, going abroad and living faraway away from parents means being independent and competent, while living away from parents in acient China means being selfish and irresponsible. In the play Hamlet, when the ghost of the died king, who was Hamlets father, asks Hamlet to revenge for him, it seems that the revenging becomes the most important thing of Hamlet, even more important than his love with Ophelia. It is unusual that fathers golf-c lub becomes the most important thing to a western young man, and Hamlet even lost his life for his father.There was a saying in China It is the fathers fault if a son doesnt do right. It reflects that in China, the most important part of the relationship between father and son is succession. On one hand, it is fathers responsibility to get a line his son, and on the other hand, the son should always obey his father. In the play Hamlet, the old king is not only his sons father but also the idol of his son, when Hamlet said O, that this too too cheering flesh would melt, Thaw and resolve itself into a dew Or that the Everlasting had no fixed His canon gainst self-slaughter. O God, God,How weary, stale, flat and unprofitable Seem to me all the uses of this world Fie ont, ah fie, tis an unweeded garden That grows to seed things rank and gross in nature Possess it merely. That it should come to this But two months deadnay not so much, not twoSo excellent a king, that was to this Hyper ion to a satyr. It is obviously that Hamlet respects his father, the old king very much. Hamlets duty in the whole story is to revenge for his died father, meanwhile, antediluvian Chinese people thought the most shameful thing to a man is being unable to revenge for his father.Chinese story The orphan of the Chaos is also about revenging for ones father. So, Hamlet has Chinese futures of revenging, too. 2. 1. 2 Hamlets Concept of Family An important Chinese feature that Hamlet has is the concept of family. From my point of view, Shakespeares idea of family is a kind of humanism thought. It affects the characters behavior straightway and it puts forward the plots from developing or it even figure outs the end of a play. Shakespeare advocates for pure love, for instance, the love betweenHamlet and Ophelia he demotes insensible love like the love between Hamlets mother and Hamlets uncle. Shakespeare also promotes the harmonious conjugal relation which is base on love he demotes t he conjugal relation which is based on ambitions or benefits, for example, Macbeth and Mrs. Macbeth. 6 Another thing that Shakespeare promotes is the fairness and trust between family members. He believes what breaks the love between family members is the power and influence, whats more, power and influence also deprive the fairness between different people and lead people to guilty.In Hamlet, Hamlet demotes the love between his mother and his uncle, because it is a kind of incest, and Hamlet thinks it is sick. Chinese people think what prevent the association from collapsing are morality and ethics. Ethics means the relationship between family members should be regular and normal. Fornication essential be forbidden. In China, if ones uncle married with his or her mother, he or she will be a pasquinade of other people. 2. 1. 3 Hamlets Sense of Sexual DiscriminationAnother traditional Chinese feature that can be found on Hamlet is the sense of sexual discrimination, which has inf luenced Chinese society for thousands of years. In ancient China, women were forbided to go to school, and they had no right to choose their husband. Women were considered as timid and inability, they had to stay home and look after their children, always obey their husband. In the play Hamlet, Hamlet says Frailty, thy name is woman and O God, a heast that want discourse of reason would have mourned longer. It shows that Hamlet looks down upon woman because his mother married his uncle soon after his fathers death and he doesnt think man and woman are equal, women are more like heast than human. Whats more, when Hamlet says Ay truly, for the power of beauty will sooner transform honesty from what it is to a bawd, than the force of honesty can translate beauty into his likeness. This was sometimes a paradox, but now the time gives it proof. I did love you once. Hamlet seems look down upon his lover, Ophelia, too. Hamlet praises human being as the gift by god, while he thinks women are petty and low. . 1. 4 Hamlet and Golden Mean It is obvious that Hamlet is a character with hesitation, in the play, Shakespeare includes a number of other characters capable of taking resolute and headstrong revenge as required to highlight Hamlets inability to take action,. Fortinbras travels thousands of miles to take his revenge and finally succeeds in conquering Denmark the plot that Laertes kills Hamlet to revenge for the death of his father, Polonius. Compared to these characters, Hamlets revenge is ineffectual. Once Hamlet decides to take action, he delays any action until the end of the play.What makes Hamlet a great unique homo of writing is the remarkable way in which Shakespeare uses the delay to build Hamlets emotional and psychological complexity. Hamlets revenge is delayed in three significant ways 1. Hamlet must first find out Claudius guilt and tell it to the public, which he does in Act 3, Scene 2 by representing the murder of his father in a play. When Claudi us went out during the performance, Hamlet becomes convinced about Clausiuss guilt. 2. Then, Hamlet intellectualizes his revenge, to contrast with the rash actions of Fortinbras and Laertes.For instance, Hamlet has the opportunity to kill Claudius in Act 3, Scene 3. He already draws his sword, but is concerned that Claudius will be sent to heaven if he is killed while praying. 3. after killing Polonius, Hamlet is sent to England and it becomes impossible for him to gain access to Claudius and do his revenge. During his trip, he decides to be more headstrong in his desire for revenge. Although he does kill Claudius in the final scene of the play, we cannot credit Hamlet will kill Claudius if Claudius does not ask him to have a duel with others.Hamlets inability to take action might reflect a characteristic that Chinese traditional culture has, that is the sense of deluxe mean, which is an important rule of Confucian school. Golden meanmeans that one should not do things in a radical way and never go to the extreme, there is no absolute good or bad. Hamlets behavior shows that he is always struggling for right and wrong, do and undo, he does not make a decision until he has no way to go. 3 Hamlets Chinese Features as a Tragedy 3. 1 The Orphan of the ZhaosThe Orphan of Zhao, or Orphan of the place Tcho is a Chinese play of the Yuan Dynasty, attributed to someone named Ji Junxiang, about whom almost nothing is known. ground on an episode in Shiji, the play has its full name The Great Revenge of the Orphan of Zhao Family. obedience is the theme of the play Zhaoshi guer (The Orphan of Zhao), written in the second half of the 13th century. In it the wedge shape sacrifices his son to save the life of young Zhao so that Zhao can later avenge the death of his family. It is the first Chinese play that known in Europe.Joseph Henri Marie de Premare translated the play into French as Tchao-chi-cou-eulh, ou Lorphelin de la maison de Tchao, tragedie chinoise, which was c ollected in Jean Baptiste Du Haldes Description geographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de lempire de la Chine et de la Tartarie Chinoise, promulgated in 1735 (the play was published separately in 1755). Thomas Hatchett (active 1721-1741) published an adaptation of the play in English, The Orphan of China (1741) that changes the determination significantly so that the play conforms to classical conventions of the three unities 3. A Chinese Topic Revenge Revenge is a common topic of Chinese traditional drama, since there was a saying in acient China An eye to an eye and a tooth for a tooth. Which means that if any other people hurts one, one should revenge in the same way. The orphan of the zhaos is considered as the Hamlet of China, because the mean character, Zhao Wu, whose destiny is similar to Hamlets, and they both have the duty to revenge for their father. Zhao Wus father is killed by his god-father, and he lives with his god-father to bear patiently f or twenty years until finally he kills his god-father. 7 Hamlets father is killed by Hamlets uncle, and Hamlet pretends to be crazy to cheat others so that he has the chance to stay with his uncle and finally he kills his uncle and revenges for his father successfully. In addition, it is full of meaning that both tragedies share the same theme revenge. The play Hamlet describes the story of Hamlet, the Danmark prince, who takes revenge for his father. The prince Hamlet learns from his fathers ghost that his uncle Claudius poisons the king, takes the power, and marries the queen. The ghost asks Hamlet to avenge him.After several trials and struggles between evil and good, Hamlet and his uncle, the fraud whose crime is finally exposed, perish together. Zhao the Orphan describes the story of the Zhaos have from slaughter because the treac crampfishus court official named Tu Angu frames up Zhao Dun, the official loyal to his sovereign. The disciple, Cheng Ying, in Zhaos place sacrifice s his own son to save the infant of Zhaos family and bring him up. After the orphan acquires his life experience, he takes the revenge for his family by killing Tu Angu.As can be seen, the two tragedies share the common topic that the evil may succeed for a while, however, destines to receive the punishment of justice. 3. 3 A Chinese Way to Enjoy the Tragedy The main idea of the Confucians is Ren, which can be understood as sympathy. It is said that only people who have a heart of sympathy can be considered as a person of noble character and integrity. The tragedy of Hamlet and the tragedy of the Orphan of Chaos are very fashionable among people all around the world.An important factor that contributes to the enjoyment of these tragedies is sympathy. It is neither the sympathy in the estimable or moral sense, nor the feeling of pity and sorrow for somebody. It is aesthetic sympathy, which means the identification of ourselves without persons or things with the closure that we par ticipate in their feelings, emotions and sentiments. In actual life, we have only one life and most of us are living a very ordinary and calm life, which sometimes seems a little monotonous.One of the charms of dramas is that in them we can live a great number of different lives, experience what we cannot experience in substantive life , laugh and cry with the characters as long as we substitute ourselves in their places in imagination. For example, in Hamlet, we may identify ourselves with Hamlet. With Hamlet we mourn over the death of the old king, complain of the hasty marriage of Gertrude, feel friendly towards Horatio, despise Polonius, love and suspect Ophelia and fightt heduel with Laertes.In The Orphan of Zhao, we can imagine ourselves to be the hero Cheng Ying and feel his hesitation at the princess request of taking the orphan out of the court, his hatred for Tuan Ku when he state to kill all the babies in the country to search for the orphan of Zhao, his agony to see hi s own son being killed and his final joy at Tuan Kus punishment. In one word , sympathy plays a great part in the enjoyment of tragedy, both the Shakespearean tragedy and the classical Chinese tragedy. 4. ConclusionHamlet has been analyze by scholars from different countries with various ethnics in almost every possible aspects for a long time, so many people might hold the idea that Hamlet is a play which has been studied throughly. However, when Chinese students and readers study on Hamlet, they always find that it is difficult to understand because of the lack of culture background and expression skill. If they were told that Hamlet has some similarities with Chinese culture, the study of Hamlet might be much easier. This is one reason for the author to study on Hamlets Chinese features.Another reason is that few scholars have studied on the Chinese features of Hamlet. On one hand, China has a 5000 years history which is profound and diversified, and the Chinese values have grea tly influenced the world, so the importance of Chinese culture could not be disregard on the other hand, China has its specific traditional thoughts of ethics and human natures, so some western scholars thought there were few similarities between Chinese traditional culture and western culture. Nevertheless, Chinese culture, just like the other cultures of the world, has many assosiations with western culture, including the classic literatures.The essay has concluded some Chinese fetures on Hamlet. It provides readers to have a more distinctive mind on the relationship between Shakespeares works and Chinese traditional culture, and more study on this topic will be done in the future. References 1. ? J. ,2010(3)83-86. 2. J. ,2009(4)119-121. 3. J. , 2008(6)80-82. 4. J. , 2009(3)52-55. 5. The Personality Determines DestinyThe Image Building Quesitions About Hamlet J. ,2010(1)199-201. 6.The Contradictory Sides of Hamlets CharacterJ. ,2004(33)429-432. 7 David L. Hall. idea T hrough Confucius M. New York Albany, 1987. 8Arthur Kleinman. Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Chinese Culture M. Holland Reidel, 1981. 9Barbara Marshall Matthews. The Chinese Value Survey An interpretation of value scales and consideration of some preliminary resultsJ. International Education Journal, 2000(1) 117-126. Acknowledgements I would like to take this opportunity to extend my heart-felt gratitude to all my teachers and professors who have lent me a help in the process of the completion of this thesis.I am especially indebted to Mrs Lu Junyan, my supervisor, who has provided me with information, advice, criticism and encouragement. My thesis couldnt have come out without the countless instruction and patient guidance from my supervisor. His invaluable insights and hearty encouragement have enabled me to fulfill and improve the quality of my paper. Meanwhile, my appreciation also goes to my classmates and friends. They were always willing to give me assistance and encouragem ent whenever I sought help from them. Finally, I wish to thank my family for their unconditional support and encouragement through my undergraduate study.